Abstract
Biological fertilizers are one of the most important supply source of nutrients in sustainable agriculture. In order to study the effect of bio-fertilize rs on sunflower and compare the it's efficiency with chemical fertilizers, a field experiment was carried out in Eyvangharb in summer of 2011. Treatments were arranged in a split factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot included 4 levels of phosphorus and nitrogen chemical fertilizer (0, 33, 66 and 100% of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer requirements) and subplot comprised of factorial of Nitroxin biofertilizer application with two levels (inoculation and non inoculation) and Phosphate Barvare2 biofertilizer with two levels (inoculation and non inoculation). Results showed that the interaction of chemical fertilizer and Nitroxin had a significant effect on yield, So that at levels of 0, 33 and 66% of requirement chemical fertilizer application, inoculation with Nitroxin compared to the non-inoculated increased grain yield 31.64, 9.78 and 5.73%, respectively, but at level of 100% of requirement chemical fertilizer application, the Nitroxin application didn't have significant effect on this trait. Biological and chemical fertilizers application significantly increased oil yield, as the highest oil yield was achieved at 100% requirement chemical fertilizer use and Nitroxin and Phosphate Barvare2 inoculation. Nitroxin application also increased 2.63 percent seed oil content, compared to control. Finally, based on these results, to achievement of maximum sunflower oil yield, seed inoculation with bio-fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers is recommended.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
At 0% of the chemical fertilizer requirement, Nitroxin inoculation increased sunflower grain yield by 31.64% over non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- inoculation with Nitroxine1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 31.64e1
- Qualifier
- at levels of 0, 33 and 66% of requirement chemical fertilizer applicatione1
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede1
- Setting
- Eyvangharbe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Sunflower”
e1“at levels of 0, 33 and 66% of requirement chemical fertilizer application, inoculation with Nitroxin compared to the non-inoculated increased grain yield 31.64, 9.78 and 5.73%, respectively”
e6“a field experiment was carried out in Eyvangharb in summer of 2011”
Claim · model-written summary
At 33% of the chemical fertilizer requirement, Nitroxin inoculation increased sunflower grain yield by 9.78% over non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Nitroxine1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9.78e1
- Qualifier
- at levels of 0, 33 and 66% of requirement chemical fertilizer applicatione1
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede1
- Setting
- Eyvangharbe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Sunflower”
e1“at levels of 0, 33 and 66% of requirement chemical fertilizer application, inoculation with Nitroxin compared to the non-inoculated increased grain yield 31.64, 9.78 and 5.73%, respectively”
e6“a field experiment was carried out in Eyvangharb in summer of 2011”
Claim · model-written summary
At 66% of the chemical fertilizer requirement, Nitroxin inoculation increased sunflower grain yield by 5.73% over non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Nitroxine1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5.73%e1
- Qualifier
- at levels of 0, 33 and 66% of requirement chemical fertilizer applicatione1
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede1
- Setting
- Eyvangharbe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Sunflower”
e1“at levels of 0, 33 and 66% of requirement chemical fertilizer application, inoculation with Nitroxin compared to the non-inoculated increased grain yield 31.64, 9.78 and 5.73%, respectively”
e6“a field experiment was carried out in Eyvangharb in summer of 2011”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% of the chemical fertilizer requirement, Nitroxin application had no significant effect on sunflower grain yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Nitroxin applicatione2
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- didn't have significant effecte2
- Qualifier
- at level of 100% of requirement chemical fertilizer applicatione2
- Setting
- Eyvangharbe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Sunflower”
e1“at levels of 0, 33 and 66% of requirement chemical fertilizer application, inoculation with Nitroxin compared to the non-inoculated increased grain yield 31.64, 9.78 and 5.73%, respectively”
e2“at level of 100% of requirement chemical fertilizer application, the Nitroxin application didn't have significant effect on this trait”
e6“a field experiment was carried out in Eyvangharb in summer of 2011”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of chemical fertilizer and Nitroxin had a significant effect on sunflower yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizer and Nitroxine0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Setting
- Eyvangharbe6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Sunflower”
e0“the interaction of chemical fertilizer and Nitroxin had a significant effect on yield”
e6“a field experiment was carried out in Eyvangharb in summer of 2011”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological and chemical fertilizer application significantly increased sunflower oil yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Biological and chemical fertilizers applicatione3
- Outcome
- oil yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- Eyvangharbe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Sunflower”
e3“Biological and chemical fertilizers application significantly increased oil yield, as the highest oil yield was achieved at 100% requirement chemical fertilizer use and Nitroxin and Phosphate Barvare2 inoculation”
e6“a field experiment was carried out in Eyvangharb in summer of 2011”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower oil yield was highest at 100% chemical fertilizer requirement combined with Nitroxin and Phosphate Barvare2 inoculation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 100% requirement chemical fertilizer use and Nitroxin and Phosphate Barvare2 inoculatione3
- Outcome
- oil yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Setting
- Eyvangharbe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Sunflower”
e3“Biological and chemical fertilizers application significantly increased oil yield, as the highest oil yield was achieved at 100% requirement chemical fertilizer use and Nitroxin and Phosphate Barvare2 inoculation”
e6“a field experiment was carried out in Eyvangharb in summer of 2011”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitroxin application increased sunflower seed oil content by 2.63% compared with control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Nitroxin applicatione4
- Outcome
- seed oil contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 2.63 percente4
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- Eyvangharbe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Sunflower”
e4“Nitroxin application also increased 2.63 percent seed oil content, compared to control”
e6“a field experiment was carried out in Eyvangharb in summer of 2011”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed inoculation with bio-fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers is recommended for maximum sunflower oil yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse5
- Treatment
- seed inoculation with bio-fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizerse5
- Outcome
- maximum sunflower oil yielde5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“to achievement of maximum sunflower oil yield, seed inoculation with bio-fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers is recommended”
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