Abstract
Alkaline soils have a great influence on apple production in Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive evaluations of tolerance to such stress are important when selecting the most suitable apple rootstocks. We used hydroponics culturing to test 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks after treatment with 1:1 Na2CO3 and NaHCO3. When compared with the normally grown controls, stressed plants produced fewer new leaves, and had shorter roots and shoots and lower fresh and dry weights after 15 d of exposure to alkaline conditions. Their root/shoot ratios were also reduced, indicating that the roots had been severely damaged. For all stressed rootstocks, electrolyte leakage (EL) and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased while levels of chlorophyll decreased. Changes in root activity (up or down), as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were rootstock-dependent, possibly reflecting their differences in alkali tolerance. Using alkali injury index (AI), adversity resistance coefficients (ARC), cluster analysis, and evaluation of their physiological responses, we classified these 17 genotypes into three groups: (1) high tolerance: Hubeihaitang, Wushanbianyehaitang, Laoshanhaitang Ls2, Xiaojinbianyehaitang, and Fupingqiuzi; (2) moderate tolerance: Pingyitiancha, Laoshanhaitang Ls3, Hubeihaitang A1, Deqinhaitang, Balenghaitang, Maoshandingzi, Shandingzi, and Xinjiangyepingguo; or (3) low tolerance: Pingdinghaitang, Hongsanyehaitang, Xiaojinhaitang, and Sanyehaitang. These results will significantly contribute to the selection of the most suitable materials for rootstocks with desired levels of tolerance to alkali stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Alkali stress reduced new leaves, root and shoot length, and fresh and dry weights after 15 days.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- alkaline conditionse0
- Outcome
- new leavese0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Qualifier
- after 15 de0
- Comparator
- normally grown controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared with the normally grown controls, stressed plants produced fewer new leaves, and had shorter roots and shoots and lower fresh and dry weights after 15 d of exposure to alkaline conditions.”
t0“Comprehensive evaluation of tolerance to alkali stress by 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkali stress reduced root/shoot ratios.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- alkali stresst0
- Outcome
- root/shoot ratiose0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their root/shoot ratios were also reduced, indicating that the roots had been severely damaged.”
t0“Comprehensive evaluation of tolerance to alkali stress by 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde concentration increased in stressed rootstocks.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- stressede0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL) and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For all stressed rootstocks, electrolyte leakage (EL) and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased while levels of chlorophyll decreased.”
t0“Comprehensive evaluation of tolerance to alkali stress by 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll levels decreased in stressed rootstocks.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- stressede0
- Outcome
- levels of chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For all stressed rootstocks, electrolyte leakage (EL) and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased while levels of chlorophyll decreased.”
t0“Comprehensive evaluation of tolerance to alkali stress by 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Root activity and antioxidant enzyme activities responded differently across rootstocks.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- up or downe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes in root activity (up or down), as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were rootstock-dependent”
t0“Comprehensive evaluation of tolerance to alkali stress by 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Five named rootstocks were classified as highly tolerant to alkali stress.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Hubeihaitange0
- Outcome
- high tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high tolerance: Hubeihaitang, Wushanbianyehaitang, Laoshanhaitang Ls2, Xiaojinbianyehaitang, and Fupingqiuzi”
t0“Comprehensive evaluation of tolerance to alkali stress by 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight named rootstocks were classified as moderately tolerant to alkali stress.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Pingyitianchae0
- Outcome
- moderate tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate tolerance: Pingyitiancha, Laoshanhaitang Ls3, Hubeihaitang A1, Deqinhaitang, Balenghaitang, Maoshandingzi, Shandingzi, and Xinjiangyepingguo”
t0“Comprehensive evaluation of tolerance to alkali stress by 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Four named rootstocks were classified as having low alkali tolerance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Pingdinghaitange0
- Outcome
- low tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low tolerance: Pingdinghaitang, Hongsanyehaitang, Xiaojinhaitang, and Sanyehaitang”
t0“Comprehensive evaluation of tolerance to alkali stress by 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks”
The same questions in other papers
alkalinity · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.