Abstract
Partial budget analysis was used to evaluate soil treatment alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) based on their cost-effectiveness in the production of strawberries ( Fragaria × ananassa ). The analysis was conducted for two geographical areas: the piedmont and coastal plain area (including North Carolina and Georgia) and the mountain area of western North Carolina, based on 7 years of field test data. The fumigation alternatives evaluated were Telone-C35 (1,3-dichloropropene 61.1% + chloropicrin 34.7%), Telone II (1,3-dichloropropene 94%), chloropicrin (Chlor-o-pic 99% and TriClor EC), InLine (1,3-dichloropropene 60.8% + chloropicrin 33.3%), and metam sodium (Vapam or Sectagon 42, 42% sodium methyldithiocarbamate). The MeBr formulation was 67% MeBr and 33% chloropicrin (Terr-O-Gas) with the exception of the earlier trials where a 98:2 ratio was used. In the piedmont and coastal plain area, the soil treated with chloropicrin showed the best results with an additional return of $1670/acre relative to MeBr, followed by Telone-C35 with an additional return of $277/acre. The projected return associated with shank-applied metam sodium was approximately equal to the estimated return a grower would receive when applying MeBr. Fumigating with drip-applied metam sodium, InLine, and Telone II as well as the nonfumigated soil treatment resulted in projected losses of $2182, $2233, $4179, and $6450 per acre, respectively, relative to MeBr. In the mountain area, all of the alternatives resulted in a projected increase in net returns relative to MeBr. The largest projected increase was $1320/acre for the InLine treatment, while the added returns for the TriClor and Telone-C35 applications were estimated to be $509 and $339 per acre, respectively. The drip-applied metam sodium application resulted in an additional return of $40/acre, and the added revenue for the nonfumigated soil treatment was $24/acre more than MeBr treatment. Although technical issues currently associated with some of the alternatives may persist, results indicate that there are economically feasible fumigation alternatives to MeBr in the production of strawberries in the southeastern U.S.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
In the piedmont and coastal plain, chloropicrin yielded an additional $1670/acre relative to MeBr.
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- chloropicrine0
- Outcome
- additional returne0
- Direction
- additionale0
- Value
- $1670/acree0
- Comparator
- MeBre0
- Setting
- piedmont and coastal plain areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In the piedmont and coastal plain area, the soil treated with chloropicrin showed the best results with an additional return of $1670/acre relative to MeBr”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
In the piedmont and coastal plain, Telone-C35 yielded an additional $277/acre relative to MeBr.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Telone-C35e0
- Outcome
- additional returne0
- Direction
- additionale0
- Value
- $277/acree0
- Comparator
- MeBre1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by Telone-C35 with an additional return of $277/acre”
e1“$1670/acre relative to MeBr”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Projected return from shank-applied metam sodium was approximately equal to MeBr.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- shank-applied metam sodiume0
- Outcome
- projected returne0
- Direction
- approximately equale0
- Comparator
- MeBre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The projected return associated with shank-applied metam sodium was approximately equal to the estimated return a grower would receive when applying MeBr”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip-applied metam sodium projected a $2182 per acre loss relative to MeBr.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- drip-applied metam sodiume0
- Outcome
- projected lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- $2182e0
- Comparator
- MeBre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigating with drip-applied metam sodium, InLine, and Telone II as well as the nonfumigated soil treatment resulted in projected losses of $2182, $2233, $4179, and $6450 per acre, respectively, relative to MeBr”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
InLine projected a $2233 per acre loss relative to MeBr.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- InLinee0
- Outcome
- projected lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- $2233e0
- Comparator
- MeBre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigating with drip-applied metam sodium, InLine, and Telone II as well as the nonfumigated soil treatment resulted in projected losses of $2182, $2233, $4179, and $6450 per acre, respectively, relative to MeBr”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Telone II projected a $4179 per acre loss relative to MeBr.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Telone IIe0
- Outcome
- projected lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- $4179e0
- Comparator
- MeBre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigating with drip-applied metam sodium, InLine, and Telone II as well as the nonfumigated soil treatment resulted in projected losses of $2182, $2233, $4179, and $6450 per acre, respectively, relative to MeBr”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonfumigated soil projected a $6450 per acre loss relative to MeBr.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- nonfumigated soil treatmente0
- Outcome
- projected lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- $6450e0
- Comparator
- MeBre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigating with drip-applied metam sodium, InLine, and Telone II as well as the nonfumigated soil treatment resulted in projected losses of $2182, $2233, $4179, and $6450 per acre, respectively, relative to MeBr”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
In the mountain area, all alternatives projected increased net returns relative to MeBr.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- all of the alternativese0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- MeBre0
- Setting
- mountain areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the mountain area, all of the alternatives resulted in a projected increase in net returns relative to MeBr”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
InLine projected the largest mountain area increase of $1320/acre.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- InLine treatmente0
- Outcome
- projected increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- $1320/acree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest projected increase was $1320/acre for the InLine treatment”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
TriClor projected an added mountain area return of $509 per acre.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- TriClore0
- Outcome
- added returnse0
- Direction
- addede0
- Value
- $509e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the added returns for the TriClor and Telone-C35 applications were estimated to be $509 and $339 per acre, respectively”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Telone-C35 projected an added mountain area return of $339 per acre.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Telone-C35e0
- Outcome
- added returnse0
- Direction
- addede0
- Value
- $339e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the added returns for the TriClor and Telone-C35 applications were estimated to be $509 and $339 per acre, respectively”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip-applied metam sodium projected an additional mountain area return of $40/acre.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- drip-applied metam sodiume0
- Outcome
- additional returne0
- Direction
- additionale0
- Value
- $40/acree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The drip-applied metam sodium application resulted in an additional return of $40/acre”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonfumigated soil projected $24/acre more revenue than MeBr in the mountain area.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- nonfumigated soil treatmente0
- Outcome
- revenuee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- $24/acree0
- Comparator
- MeBr treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the added revenue for the nonfumigated soil treatment was $24/acre more than MeBr treatment”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that economically feasible fumigation alternatives to MeBr exist for southeastern US strawberry production.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- economically feasible fumigation alternativese0
- Setting
- southeastern U.S.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“results indicate that there are economically feasible fumigation alternatives to MeBr in the production of strawberries in the southeastern U.S.”
The same questions in other papers
chloropicrin · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
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- no effect
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →irrigation · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results differ
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
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See all 65 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.