Abstract
SummaryChemical soil disinfestants, applied in strips (bed-only) or overall (broadacre), were compared for their effects on weeds, soil nematodes, soil-borne diseases and yield in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene. In bed-only application, dazomet (570 kg ha-1) and methyl bromide (450 kg ha-1) reduced nematode numbers and the amount of Verticillium dahliae in soil, and the incidence of crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum), but did not reduce red core ( P. fragariae) severity or the numbers of weeds. Treatment with both disinfestants resulted in yield increases from sampling bands and from whole beds compared with untreated beds. Over two seasons, the yield increases totalled 40-60%. Chloropicrin (1501 ha"') reduced namatode numbers and the amount of V. dahliae to below detectable levels, but had no effect on weed numbers, crown rot incidence, red core severity or yield. After broadacre application, in which beds were constructed across plots after treatment, dazomet (380 kg ha-1) treatment reduced nematode numbers and crown rot incidence, but had no effect on weed numbers, the amount of V dahliae or red core severity. A significant yield increase was obtained only in whole-plot data in the second season (aggregate two-year increases in sample transects and whole plots were 11% and 17% respectively). The results were inferior to those of bed-only application in all criteria except nematode numbers, and this was attributed partly to the less efficient disinfestant application and soil sealing procedures. Methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1) reduced weed numbers, the incidence of crown rot, the severity of red core, and the amount of V. dahliae and the number of nematodes in soil, and increased yields from both sampling bands and whole plots. Aggregate two-year yield increases for samples and whole plots were 64% and 32% respectively. Results of broadacre treatment determined from samples were superior to those from bed-only application of methyl bromide for all criteria, while results determined from whole-plot data were inferior to those from bed-only application, reflecting the effects of soil movement between adjacent plots during bed construction.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Bed-only dazomet reduced nematode numbers in soil of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- dazomet (570 kg ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- nematode numberse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e1“In bed-only application, dazomet (570 kg ha-1) and methyl bromide (450 kg ha-1) reduced nematode numbers and the amount of Verticillium dahliae in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed-only methyl bromide reduced nematode numbers and the amount of Verticillium dahliae in soil of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- methyl bromide (450 kg ha-1)e1
- Second interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee1pathogen - Outcome
- nematode numbers and the amount of Verticillium dahliaee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e1“In bed-only application, dazomet (570 kg ha-1) and methyl bromide (450 kg ha-1) reduced nematode numbers and the amount of Verticillium dahliae in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed-only dazomet reduced the incidence of strawberry crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- dazomet (570 kg ha-1)e1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorum
Phytophthora cactorume2pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of crown rote2
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e1“In bed-only application, dazomet (570 kg ha-1) and methyl bromide (450 kg ha-1) reduced nematode numbers”
e2“and the incidence of crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed-only methyl bromide reduced the incidence of strawberry crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- methyl bromide (450 kg ha-1)e1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorumPhytophthora cactorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of crown rote2
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e1“In bed-only application, dazomet (570 kg ha-1) and methyl bromide (450 kg ha-1) reduced nematode numbers”
e2“and the incidence of crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed-only application of both disinfestants increased strawberry yield over untreated beds, by 40-60% over two seasons.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- both disinfestantse3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Value
- 40-60%e4
- Qualifier
- Over two seasonse4
- Comparator
- untreated bedse3
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e3“Treatment with both disinfestants resulted in yield increases from sampling bands and from whole beds compared with untreated beds”
e4“Over two seasons, the yield increases totalled 40-60%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloropicrin reduced nematode numbers and the amount of Verticillium dahliae in soil to below detectable levels.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- Chloropicrine6
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee5pathogen
- Outcome
- namatode numbers and the amount of V. dahliaee5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Qualifier
- below detectable levelse5
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e5“reduced namatode numbers and the amount of V. dahliae to below detectable levels, but had no effect on weed numbers, crown rot incidence, red core severity or yield”
e6“Chloropicrin”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloropicrin had no effect on weed numbers, crown rot incidence or red core severity in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- Chloropicrine6
- Outcome
- weed numbers, crown rot incidence, red core severitye5
- Direction
- no effecte5
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e5“reduced namatode numbers and the amount of V. dahliae to below detectable levels, but had no effect on weed numbers, crown rot incidence, red core severity or yield”
e6“Chloropicrin”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloropicrin had no effect on strawberry yield.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- Chloropicrine6
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- no effecte5
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e5“reduced namatode numbers and the amount of V. dahliae to below detectable levels, but had no effect on weed numbers, crown rot incidence, red core severity or yield”
e6“Chloropicrin”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadacre dazomet reduced nematode numbers and crown rot incidence in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- dazomet (380 kg ha-1)e7
- Second interactor
- Phytophthora cactorumPhytophthora cactorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- nematode numbers and crown rot incidencee7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e7“dazomet (380 kg ha-1) treatment reduced nematode numbers and crown rot incidence”
e2“and the incidence of crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadacre dazomet had no effect on weed numbers, the amount of V dahliae or red core severity in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- dazomet (380 kg ha-1)e7
- Outcome
- weed numbers, the amount of V dahliae or red core severitye6
- Direction
- no effecte6
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e7“dazomet (380 kg ha-1) treatment reduced nematode numbers and crown rot incidence”
e6“had no effect on weed numbers, the amount of V dahliae or red core severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadacre dazomet gave a significant yield increase only in whole-plot data in the second season, of 11% and 17% in sample transects and whole plots over two years.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- dazomet (380 kg ha-1)e7
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 11% and 17%e6
- Qualifier
- whole-plot datae6
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e7“dazomet (380 kg ha-1) treatment reduced nematode numbers and crown rot incidence”
e6“A significant yield increase was obtained only in whole-plot data in the second season (aggregate two-year increases in sample transects and whole plots were 11% and 17% respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadacre methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1) reduced the amount of Verticillium dahliae and nematode numbers in soil of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- Methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1)e5
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee5pathogen
- Outcome
- the amount of V. dahliae and the number of nematodese5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e5“Methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1) reduced weed numbers, the incidence of crown rot, the severity of red core, and the amount of V. dahliae and the number of nematodes in soil, and increased yields from both sampling bands and whole plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1) reduced weed numbers, crown rot incidence and red core severity in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- Methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1)e5
- Interactor
- weede5weed
- Outcome
- weed numbers, the incidence of crown rot, the severity of red coree5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e5“Methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1) reduced weed numbers, the incidence of crown rot, the severity of red core, and the amount of V. dahliae and the number of nematodes in soil, and increased yields from both sampling bands and whole plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1) increased strawberry yields by 64% and 32% (samples and whole plots, two-year aggregate).
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- Methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1)e5
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 64% and 32%e6
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e5“Methyl bromide (750 kg ha-1) reduced weed numbers, the incidence of crown rot, the severity of red core, and the amount of V. dahliae and the number of nematodes in soil, and increased yields from both sampling bands and whole plots”
e6“Aggregate two-year yield increases for samples and whole plots were 64% and 32% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadacre application gave poorer results than bed-only application for strawberry in all criteria except nematode numbers.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- broadacre applicatione6
- Outcome
- all criteria except nematode numberse5
- Direction
- inferiore5
- Comparator
- bed-only applicatione5
- Setting
- commercial plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“as soil disinfestants for strawberries”
e0“in a commercial planting of strawberry cv. Elsanta grown on raised beds mulched with polyethylene”
e5“The results were inferior to those of bed-only application in all criteria except nematode numbers”
e6“broadacre application”
The same questions in other papers
chloropicrin · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →chloropicrin · disease · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
dazomet · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →bromomethane · Verticillium dahliae · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
bromomethane · Nematoda · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
dazomet · Phytophthora cactorum · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
bromomethane · Phytophthora cactorum · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
dazomet · Nematoda · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.