Abstract
Core Ideas Cover crop mixtures did not provide benefits beyond cover crop monocultures. Cover crops did not influence soil temperature, soil P or K concentrations, or corn yield. Cover crops did not influence weed density or weed community in subsequent corn. The use of cover crops can decrease soil erosion, weed density, and nitrate leaching while improving soil quality. We investigated nine cover crops, winter rye ( Secale cereale L.), winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus), two winter canola ( Brassica napus L.), winter camelina [ Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz], spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), spring oat ( Avena sativa L.), turnip ( B. rapa L.), and hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), as sole crops and selected binary and trinary mixtures and their influences on subsequent corn ( Zea mays L.) productivity. A control treatment of no cover crop was included. Cover crops were no‐till drilled immediately after soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr] harvest. The study was a randomized complete block conducted in five environments over 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. Across environments, rye and rye mixtures produced the greatest spring aboveground biomass (758 kg ha −1 ), C, and N accumulation, had some of the lowest spring soil nitrate concentrations, and generally produced the lowest corn leaf chlorophyll. Rye accounted for more than 79% of spring aboveground biomass accumulation in rye mixtures. Triticale and camelina monoculture produced approximately 50% less biomass than rye or mixtures with rye. Cover crops in monoculture and mixtures did not influence surface soil temperature, soil P or K concentrations, weed density, weed community, or corn yield. Cover crops had limited influence on volumetric soil water content. Cover crop mixtures had no advantages over monocultures except for increasing fall stand density. Turnip and vetch had limited winter survival while barley, oat, and canola winterkilled.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop mixtures had no advantages over monocultures.
Verbatim
e0“Cover crop mixtures had no advantages over monocultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop mixtures increased fall stand density compared with monocultures.
Verbatim
e0“Cover crop mixtures had no advantages over monocultures except for increasing fall stand density”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye and rye mixtures produced the greatest spring aboveground biomass (758 kg/ha) across environments, with the greatest C and N accumulation.
- Taxon
- rye
Secale cerealee0 - Treatment
- rye and rye mixturese0
- Outcome
- spring aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rye and rye mixtures produced the greatest spring aboveground biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye and rye mixtures had some of the lowest spring soil nitrate concentrations.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“had some of the lowest spring soil nitrate concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye and rye mixtures generally produced the lowest corn leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Outcome
- corn leaf chlorophylle0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“generally produced the lowest corn leaf chlorophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye accounted for more than 79% of spring aboveground biomass accumulation in rye mixtures.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- spring aboveground biomass accumulatione0
- Value
- more than 79%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye accounted for more than 79% of spring aboveground biomass accumulation in rye mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
Triticale monoculture produced approximately 50% less biomass than rye or mixtures with rye.
- Taxon
- Triticale
×Triticosecalee0 - Treatment
- Triticalee0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- approximately 50%e0
- Comparator
- rye or mixtures with ryee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticale and camelina monoculture produced approximately 50% less biomass than rye or mixtures with rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Camelina monoculture produced approximately 50% less biomass than rye or mixtures with rye.
- Treatment
- camelina monoculturee0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- approximately 50%e0
- Comparator
- rye or mixtures with ryee0
CamelinaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticale and camelina monoculture produced approximately 50% less biomass than rye or mixtures with rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops in monoculture and mixtures did not influence surface soil temperature or soil P or K concentrations.
- Treatment
- Cover crops in monoculture and mixturese0
- Outcome
- surface soil temperature, soil P or K concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Cover crops in monoculture and mixtures did not influence surface soil temperature, soil P or K concentrations, weed density, weed community, or corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops in monoculture and mixtures did not influence weed density or weed community.
- Taxon
- weede0
- Treatment
- Cover crops in monoculture and mixturese0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density, weed communitye0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Cover crops in monoculture and mixtures did not influence surface soil temperature, soil P or K concentrations, weed density, weed community, or corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops in monoculture and mixtures did not influence corn yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Cover crops in monoculture and mixturese0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cover crops in monoculture and mixtures did not influence surface soil temperature, soil P or K concentrations, weed density, weed community, or corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops had limited influence on volumetric soil water content.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Cover crops had limited influence on volumetric soil water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnip had limited winter survival.
- Taxon
- Turnip
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapae0 - Outcome
- winter survivale0
- Direction
- limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Turnip and vetch had limited winter survival while barley, oat, and canola winterkilled”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch had limited winter survival.
Verbatim
e0“Turnip and vetch had limited winter survival while barley, oat, and canola winterkilled”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley winterkilled.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Outcome
- winterkillede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Turnip and vetch had limited winter survival while barley, oat, and canola winterkilled”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat winterkilled.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Outcome
- winterkillede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turnip and vetch had limited winter survival while barley, oat, and canola winterkilled”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola winterkilled.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Outcome
- winterkillede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Turnip and vetch had limited winter survival while barley, oat, and canola winterkilled”
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See all 322 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.