Abstract
Field experiments were conducted from 1993 to 1995 to evaluate the response of ALS-resistant and ALS-susceptible corn to imazethapyr, imazaquin, chlorimuron, and CGA-152005 at label and twice label rates applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and postemergence (POST). The susceptible hybrid (P3245) and the resistant hybrid (P3245IR) grain yield were not different where weeds were removed by hand-weeding alone. Alachlor plus atrazine alone plus hand-weeding reduced grain yield by 5% compared to hand-weeding only. Imazethapyr applied PPI and POST reduced height of the susceptible hybrid 11 and 6%, respectively, averaged across imazethapyr rates. Imazaquin reduced the final height of the susceptible hybrid by 30 to 75% and reduced corn density by 62 to 78%. Chlorimuron applied PPI reduced final corn height of the susceptible hybrid by 26 to 36% and density by 27%. Chlorimuron applied PPI and imazaquin applied PPI and POST reduced grain yield of the susceptible hybrid. Imazethapyr did not reduce grain yield of the susceptible hybrid, regardless of application timing or rate. Imazethapyr, imazaquin, and chlorimuron did not reduce height, density, or grain yield of the resistant hybrid, regardless of application timing or rate. CGA-152005 applied PPI reduced grain yield of the susceptible and resistant hybrid. CGA-152005 applied POST did not reduce grain yield, regardless of hybrid or rate.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield did not differ between susceptible and resistant hybrids with hand weeding alone.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Material
- P3245e0
- Treatment
- hand-weeding alonee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- were not differente0
- Comparator
- P3245IRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The susceptible hybrid (P3245) and the resistant hybrid (P3245IR) grain yield were not different where weeds were removed by hand-weeding alone.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor plus atrazine and hand weeding reduced grain yield by 5% relative to hand weeding only.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Alachlor plus atrazine alone plus hand-weedinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5%e0
- Comparator
- hand-weeding onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alachlor plus atrazine alone plus hand-weeding reduced grain yield by 5% compared to hand-weeding only.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
PPI imazethapyr reduced susceptible hybrid height by 11%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyr applied PPIe0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11e0
- Qualifier
- averaged across imazethapyr ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr applied PPI and POST reduced height of the susceptible hybrid 11 and 6%, respectively, averaged across imazethapyr rates.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
POST imazethapyr reduced susceptible hybrid height by 6%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- POSTe0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr applied PPI and POST reduced height of the susceptible hybrid 11 and 6%, respectively, averaged across imazethapyr rates.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin reduced susceptible hybrid final height by 30 to 75%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- Imazaquine0
- Outcome
- final heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30 to 75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazaquin reduced the final height of the susceptible hybrid by 30 to 75% and reduced corn density by 62 to 78%.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin reduced corn density by 62 to 78%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- Imazaquine0
- Outcome
- corn densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 62 to 78%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazaquin reduced the final height of the susceptible hybrid by 30 to 75% and reduced corn density by 62 to 78%.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
PPI chlorimuron reduced susceptible hybrid final height by 26 to 36%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- Chlorimuron applied PPIe0
- Outcome
- final corn heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 26 to 36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorimuron applied PPI reduced final corn height of the susceptible hybrid by 26 to 36% and density by 27%.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
PPI chlorimuron reduced susceptible hybrid density by 27%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- Chlorimuron applied PPIe0
- Outcome
- densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorimuron applied PPI reduced final corn height of the susceptible hybrid by 26 to 36% and density by 27%.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
PPI chlorimuron reduced susceptible hybrid grain yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- Chlorimuron applied PPIe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorimuron applied PPI and imazaquin applied PPI and POST reduced grain yield of the susceptible hybrid.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
PPI imazaquin reduced susceptible hybrid grain yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- imazaquin applied PPIe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorimuron applied PPI and imazaquin applied PPI and POST reduced grain yield of the susceptible hybrid.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
POST imazaquin reduced susceptible hybrid grain yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- imazaquin applied PPI and POSTe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorimuron applied PPI and imazaquin applied PPI and POST reduced grain yield of the susceptible hybrid.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr did not reduce susceptible hybrid grain yield regardless of timing or rate.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
- Qualifier
- regardless of application timing or ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr did not reduce grain yield of the susceptible hybrid, regardless of application timing or rate.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr did not reduce resistant hybrid height, density, or grain yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- resistant hybride0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- height, density, or grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr, imazaquin, and chlorimuron did not reduce height, density, or grain yield of the resistant hybrid, regardless of application timing or rate.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin did not reduce resistant hybrid height, density, or grain yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- resistant hybride0
- Treatment
- imazaquine0
- Outcome
- height, density, or grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr, imazaquin, and chlorimuron did not reduce height, density, or grain yield of the resistant hybrid, regardless of application timing or rate.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorimuron did not reduce resistant hybrid height, density, or grain yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- resistant hybride0
- Treatment
- chlorimurone0
- Outcome
- height, density, or grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr, imazaquin, and chlorimuron did not reduce height, density, or grain yield of the resistant hybrid, regardless of application timing or rate.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
PPI CGA-152005 reduced grain yield of both hybrids.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- susceptible and resistant hybride0
- Treatment
- CGA-152005 applied PPIe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CGA-152005 applied PPI reduced grain yield of the susceptible and resistant hybrid.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
POST CGA-152005 did not reduce grain yield at either hybrid or rate.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CGA-152005 applied POSTe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
- Qualifier
- regardless of hybrid or ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CGA-152005 applied POST did not reduce grain yield, regardless of hybrid or rate.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
The same questions in other papers
imazaquin · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Imazethapyr · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
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See all 9 papers →Imazethapyr · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
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See all 15 papers →atrazine · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 205 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
236 papers more in this group
See all 240 papers →alachlor · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →imazaquin · organism · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
chlorimuron · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
chlorimuron · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.