Abstract
This study examined the response of corn to clomazone, chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr the year following their application to soybeans. Herbicides were surface-applied from one-half to three times the labeled application rates. Soybeans were planted the year of application and crop tolerance was evaluated. Corn was planted in rotation the following season. Soybeans were tolerant of all four herbicides. The highest rates of clomazone, chlorimuron, and imazaquin injured the corn early in the season. Imazethapyr did not influence corn growth. Visual estimates of clomazone injury were as high as 39% chlorosis. Seedling dry weight reductions at the highest chlorimuron and imazaquin rates were 32% and 24%, respectively. Although corn was injured by higher rates of clomazone, imazaquin, and chlorimuron at the 3-leaf stage, none of the herbicides significantly reduced grain yield. This study suggests that these herbicides can carry over and injure corn, especially if labeled application rates are exceeded. However, low to moderate early season injury to corn may not affect grain yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans were tolerant of all four herbicides.
- Taxon
- Soybeans
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- crop tolerancee2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soybeans were tolerant of all four herbicides”
e2“crop tolerance was evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest rates of clomazone, chlorimuron and imazaquin injured corn early in the season, at the 3-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Organ / stage
- 3-leaf stagee7
- Treatment
- highest rates of clomazone, chlorimuron, and imazaquine0
- Outcome
- injured the corn early in the seasone0
- Direction
- injurede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest rates of clomazone, chlorimuron, and imazaquin injured the corn early in the season”
e7“Although corn was injured by higher rates of clomazone, imazaquin, and chlorimuron at the 3-leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Clomazone visual injury to corn reached as high as 39% chlorosis.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
e3“Visual estimates of clomazone injury were as high as 39% chlorosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorimuron at the highest rate reduced corn seedling dry weight by 32%.
- Treatment
- highest chlorimuron and imazaquin ratese4
- Outcome
- Seedling dry weighte4
- Direction
- reductionse4
- Value
- 32%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
e4“Seedling dry weight reductions at the highest chlorimuron and imazaquin rates were 32% and 24%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin at the highest rate reduced corn seedling dry weight by 24%.
- Treatment
- highest chlorimuron and imazaquin ratese4
- Outcome
- Seedling dry weighte4
- Direction
- reductionse4
- Value
- 24%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
e4“Seedling dry weight reductions at the highest chlorimuron and imazaquin rates were 32% and 24%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the herbicides significantly reduced corn grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
e5“none of the herbicides significantly reduced grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr did not influence corn growth.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- Imazethapyre6
- Outcome
- corn growthe6
- Direction
- did not influencee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Imazethapyr did not influence corn growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that these herbicides can carry over and injure corn, especially when labeled rates are exceeded.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Outcome
- carry over and injure corne6
- Qualifier
- especially if labeled application rates are exceedede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“This study suggests that these herbicides can carry over and injure corn, especially if labeled application rates are exceeded”
Claim · model-written summary
Low to moderate early-season injury to corn may not affect grain yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse5
- Treatment
- low to moderate early season injurye5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- may not affecte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“low to moderate early season injury to corn may not affect grain yield”
The same questions in other papers
Imazethapyr · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →clomazone · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
chlorimuron · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
chlorimuron · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
imazaquin · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →imazaquin · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →herbicide · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →herbicide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
150 papers in the same direction as this paper · 500 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
647 papers more in this group
See all 651 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.