Abstract
High plant density of maize ( Zea mays L.) reduces the stalk quality of the basal internodes and increases stalk lodging. The objective of this experiment was to explore the mechanism by which plant density influences basal internodes. The morphological, mechanical, anatomical, and biochemical characteristics of the third basal internode were compared at three plant densities. High plant density increased internode length due to an increase in the rate of rapid elongation. High plant density decreased the duration of internode thickening and dry matter accumulation, causing the diameter and dry weight per unit length to decline. However, rind penetration strength (RPS) did not increase rapidly until after the termination of rapid morphological growth. The mid‐to‐late stage of dry matter accumulation was critical for RPS formation. The rapid increase in RPS was closely related to cellulose and lignin accumulation. High plant density reduced the rates of cellulose and lignin accumulation, which was adverse to the formation of cortex tissue and RPS. High plant density caused rapid elongation, thickening, and structural carbohydrate accumulation to begin and end earlier. These results indicate that measures should be implemented as early as possible in the growing season to increase lodging resistance at high plant density of maize. These measures need to reduce the rate of rapid internode elongation and increase the rate of rapid cellulose and lignin accumulation.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density reduces the stalk quality of maize basal internodes
- Organ / stage
- basal internodese1
- Treatment
- High plant densitye0
- Outcome
- stalk qualitye1
- Direction
- reducese1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e1“reduces the stalk quality of the basal internodes and increases stalk lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density increases stalk lodging in maize
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e1“reduces the stalk quality of the basal internodes and increases stalk lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density increases maize internode length
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e3“High plant density increased internode length due to an increase in the rate of rapid elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density increases the rate of rapid elongation of maize internodes
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e3“High plant density increased internode length due to an increase in the rate of rapid elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density decreases the duration of internode thickening in maize
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e4“High plant density decreased the duration of internode thickening and dry matter accumulation, causing the diameter and dry weight per unit length to decline”
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density decreases dry matter accumulation in maize internodes
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e4“High plant density decreased the duration of internode thickening and dry matter accumulation, causing the diameter and dry weight per unit length to decline”
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density causes the diameter of maize internodes to decline
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e4“High plant density decreased the duration of internode thickening and dry matter accumulation, causing the diameter and dry weight per unit length to decline”
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density causes the dry weight per unit length of maize internodes to decline
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e4“High plant density decreased the duration of internode thickening and dry matter accumulation, causing the diameter and dry weight per unit length to decline”
Claim · model-written summary
Rind penetration strength of maize internodes did not increase rapidly until after the end of rapid morphological growth
- Outcome
- rind penetration strength (RPS)e5
- Qualifier
- did not increase rapidly until after the termination of rapid morphological growthe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e5“rind penetration strength (RPS) did not increase rapidly until after the termination of rapid morphological growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The rapid increase in maize rind penetration strength is closely related to cellulose and lignin accumulation
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e6“The rapid increase in RPS was closely related to cellulose and lignin accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density reduces the rates of cellulose and lignin accumulation in maize
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e7“High plant density reduced the rates of cellulose and lignin accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
High plant density makes rapid elongation, thickening and structural carbohydrate accumulation of maize internodes begin and end earlier
- Treatment
- High plant densitye1
- Outcome
- rapid elongation, thickening, and structural carbohydrate accumulatione1
- Direction
- begin and end earliere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e1“High plant density caused rapid elongation, thickening, and structural carbohydrate accumulation to begin and end earlier”
Claim · model-written summary
The mid-to-late stage of dry matter accumulation was critical for rind penetration strength formation in maize
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e1“The mid‐to‐late stage of dry matter accumulation was critical for RPS formation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend implementing lodging-control measures as early as possible in the growing season for maize at high plant density
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e1“measures should be implemented as early as possible in the growing season to increase lodging resistance at high plant density”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend reducing the rate of rapid internode elongation in maize and increasing the rate of cellulose and lignin accumulation
- Outcome
- reduce the rate of rapid internode elongatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High plant density of maize”
e1“These measures need to reduce the rate of rapid internode elongation and increase the rate of rapid cellulose and lignin accumulation”
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See all 658 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.