Abstract
Abstract The proline contents of anthers, pollen, pistils, and leaves were examined in several tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars under different temperature conditions. The proline content in anthers increased with advancing development of floral buds to a maximum at anthesis. The pistil contained less proline than the anthers and did not accumulate proline with advancement of floral bud development in most cultivars. High temperature reduced proline content in anthers regardless of the stages of floral bud development. It also tended to reduce proline content in pistils of later floral bud stage. The proline content of the leaves was lower than that of anthers or pistils; however, high temperature increased the proline level in the leaves. Pollen collected from the hot-season planting contained less proline than that collected from the cool-season planting. The addition of proline to germination medium enhanced pollen germination rate and increased pollen resistance to heat. These results suggest that the low proline accumulation in anthers and pollen at high temperature may be the result of the high accumulation in the leaves. Also, high proline content in anthers may be necessary to confer heat resistance to pollen germinating at high temperatures.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Anther proline increased with floral bud development to a maximum at anthesis.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- antherse0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proline content in anthers increased with advancing development of floral buds to a maximum at anthesis”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pistils contained less proline than anthers.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- pistile0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- antherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pistil contained less proline than the anthers”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pistils did not accumulate proline during floral bud development in most cultivars.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- floral bude0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- did not accumulatee0
- Qualifier
- most cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not accumulate proline with advancement of floral bud development in most cultivars”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced anther proline at all floral bud stages.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- antherse0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature reduced proline content in anthers regardless of the stages of floral bud development”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature tended to reduce proline in pistils at later bud stages.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- pistilse0
- Treatment
- High temperaturee1
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- later floral bud stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also tended to reduce proline content in pistils of later floral bud stage”
e1“High temperature reduced proline content in anthers”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves had less proline than anthers or pistils.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- anthers or pistilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proline content of the leaves was lower than that of anthers or pistils”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased proline in leaves.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- proline levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperature increased the proline level in the leaves”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot-season pollen contained less proline than cool-season pollen.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- Pollene0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- cool-season plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pollen collected from the hot-season planting contained less proline than that collected from the cool-season planting”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding proline to germination medium enhanced pollen germination rate.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- addition of proline to germination mediume0
- Outcome
- pollen germination ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of proline to germination medium enhanced pollen germination rate”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding proline to germination medium increased pollen heat resistance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- addition of proline to germination mediume0
- Outcome
- pollen resistance to heate0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of proline to germination medium enhanced pollen germination rate and increased pollen resistance to heat”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest low anther and pollen proline at high temperature may result from high leaf accumulation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- low proline accumulation in anthers and pollene0
- Qualifier
- may be the result of the high accumulation in the leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low proline accumulation in anthers and pollen at high temperature may be the result of the high accumulation in the leaves”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest high anther proline may be necessary for pollen heat resistance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- antherse0
- Outcome
- heat resistance to pollene0
- Qualifier
- may be necessarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high proline content in anthers may be necessary to confer heat resistance to pollen germinating at high temperatures”
t0“Tomato”
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