Abstract
Summary Dehydration‐responsive element binding factors ( DREB s) play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress signaling pathways in model plants. However, little is known about the function of DREB s in apple ( Malus × domestica ), a widely cultivated crop that is frequently threatened by drought. We isolated a DREB gene from Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) Roem., Ms DREB 6.2 , and investigated its functions using overexpression analysis and c himeric re pressor gene‐ s ilencing t echnology ( CRES ‐T). We identified possible target genes of the protein encoded by Ms DREB 6.2 using electrophoretic mobility shift assays ( EMSA s) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (Ch IP ). Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2 increased the expression of a key cytokinin ( CK ) catabolism gene, Md CKX 4a , which led to a significant reduction in endogenous CK levels, and caused a decrease in shoot:root ratio in transgenic apple plants. Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2 resulted in a decrease in stomatal aperture and density and an increase in root hydraulic conductance (L 0 ), and thereby enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic plants. Furthermore, manipulating the level of Ms DREB 6.2 expression altered the expression of two aquaporin ( AQP ) genes. The effect of the two AQP genes on L 0 was further characterized using the AQP inhibitor HgCl 2 . Based on these observations, we conclude that Ms DREB 6.2 enhances drought tolerance and that its function may be due, at least in part, to its influence on stomatal opening, root growth, and AQP expression. These results may have applications in apple rootstock breeding programs aimed at developing drought‐resistant apple varieties.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
MsDREB6.2 overexpression increased MdCKX4a expression.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2e0
- Gene
- Md CKX 4ae0
- Outcome
- expression of a key cytokinin ( CK ) catabolism gene, Md CKX 4ae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2 increased the expression of a key cytokinin ( CK ) catabolism gene, Md CKX 4a”
t0“Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin‐deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MsDREB6.2 overexpression significantly reduced endogenous cytokinin levels.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2e0
- Gene
- Md CKX 4ae0
- Outcome
- endogenous CK levelse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2 increased the expression of a key cytokinin ( CK ) catabolism gene, Md CKX 4a , which led to a significant reduction in endogenous CK levels”
t0“Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin‐deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MsDREB6.2 overexpression decreased shoot to root ratio.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- shoot:root ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caused a decrease in shoot:root ratio in transgenic apple plants.”
t0“Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin‐deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MsDREB6.2 overexpression decreased stomatal aperture and density.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2e0
- Outcome
- stomatal aperture and densitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2 resulted in a decrease in stomatal aperture and density”
t0“Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin‐deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MsDREB6.2 overexpression increased root hydraulic conductance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2e0
- Outcome
- root hydraulic conductance (L 0 )e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of Ms DREB 6.2 resulted in a decrease in stomatal aperture and density and an increase in root hydraulic conductance (L 0 )”
t0“Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin‐deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MsDREB6.2 overexpression enhanced drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic plants.”
t0“Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin‐deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing MsDREB6.2 expression altered expression of two aquaporin genes.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- manipulating the level of Ms DREB 6.2 expressione0
- Gene
- AQPe0
- Outcome
- expression of two aquaporin ( AQP ) genese0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“manipulating the level of Ms DREB 6.2 expression altered the expression of two aquaporin ( AQP ) genes.”
t0“Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin‐deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute drought tolerance partly to stomatal opening, root growth and AQP expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancet0
- Qualifier
- stomatal opening, root growth, and AQP expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its function may be due, at least in part, to its influence on stomatal opening, root growth, and AQP expression.”
t0“Overexpression of MsDREB6.2 results in cytokinin‐deficient developmental phenotypes and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest use of the results in breeding drought resistant apple rootstocks.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- apple rootstock breeding programse0
- Qualifier
- drought‐resistant apple varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results may have applications in apple rootstock breeding programs aimed at developing drought‐resistant apple varieties.”