Abstract
Plant response in terms of root, shoot and trunk growth as well as berry growth and composition, was determined in an irrigation trial with Colom bar comprising four soil moisture regimes, moisture stress during five phenological stages and four irrigation systems. All measurements were taken over a period of time to show parameter changes during variousstages within a season. A dry 25% soil moisture regime as well as trickle irrigation improved the sugar/acid ratio by lowering the malate and total titratable acid (TT A) concentrations and by increasing the total soluble solids (TSS) compared to soil moisture regimes of 50%, 70% and 90% which showed no significant differences with regard to either juice composition or berry size. Both the 25% moisture regime and water stress during flowering and phase I of berry growth were detrimental to berry size and yielded high tartrate concentrations at veraison. Tricklers and micro-jets at a 90% soil moisture regime yielded similar curves for cumulative berry growth. Root growth studied in situ reached maxima at flowering and in the post harvest period. The 25% soil moisture regime suppressed formation of new roots. Trunk circumference measured annually was a reliable indicator of vine water stress. Daily measurements of trunk radius with the aid of dendographs showed a maximum growth rate in November as well as an une.xpected negative rate from veraison until harvesting. A programme for regulated irrigation according to the growth patterns of the various plant parts is set forth. Suppression of undesirable shoot growth without a deleterious effect on berry growth, and acquisition of a more favourable grape composition seems possible.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The dry 25% moisture regime improved the sugar/acid ratio relative to wetter regimes.
- Material
- Colombart0
- Treatment
- A dry 25% soil moisture regimee0
- Outcome
- sugar/acid ratioe0
- Direction
- improvede0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“A dry 25% soil moisture regime as well as trickle irrigation improved the sugar/acid ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Trickle irrigation improved the sugar/acid ratio.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“trickle irrigation improved the sugar/acid ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
The 25% moisture regime and trickle irrigation lowered malate and total titratable acid concentrations.
- Treatment
- A dry 25% soil moisture regime as well as trickle irrigatione0
- Outcome
- malate and total titratable acid (TT A) concentrationse0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“A dry 25% soil moisture regime as well as trickle irrigation improved the sugar/acid ratio by lowering the malate and total titratable acid (TT A) concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The 25% moisture regime and trickle irrigation increased total soluble solids.
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- soil moisture regimes of 50%, 70% and 90%e0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“by increasing the total soluble solids (TSS) compared to soil moisture regimes of 50%, 70% and 90%”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture regimes of 50%, 70% and 90% had no significant differences in juice composition or berry size.
- Treatment
- soil moisture regimes of 50%, 70% and 90%e0
- Outcome
- juice composition or berry sizee0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“soil moisture regimes of 50%, 70% and 90% which showed no significant differences with regard to either juice composition or berry size”
Claim · model-written summary
The 25% moisture regime reduced berry size.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“Both the 25% moisture regime and water stress during flowering and phase I of berry growth were detrimental to berry size”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress during flowering and early berry growth reduced berry size.
- Treatment
- water stress during flowering and phase I of berry growthe0
- Outcome
- berry sizee0
- Direction
- detrimentale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“water stress during flowering and phase I of berry growth were detrimental to berry size”
Claim · model-written summary
The 25% moisture regime and early stress yielded high tartrate at veraison.
- Organ / stage
- veraisone0
- Treatment
- 25% moisture regime and water stress during flowering and phase I of berry growthe0
- Outcome
- tartrate concentrationse0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“Both the 25% moisture regime and water stress during flowering and phase I of berry growth were detrimental to berry size and yielded high tartrate concentrations at veraison”
Claim · model-written summary
Tricklers and micro-jets produced similar cumulative berry growth curves at 90% moisture.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“Tricklers and micro-jets at a 90% soil moisture regime yielded similar curves for cumulative berry growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth peaked at flowering and after harvest.
- Organ / stage
- flowering and in the post harvest periode0
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- reached maximae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“Root growth studied in situ reached maxima at flowering and in the post harvest period”
Claim · model-written summary
The 25% moisture regime suppressed new root formation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“The 25% soil moisture regime suppressed formation of new roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual trunk circumference indicated vine water stress reliably.
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“Trunk circumference measured annually was a reliable indicator of vine water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Trunk growth rate peaked in November.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“Daily measurements of trunk radius with the aid of dendographs showed a maximum growth rate in November”
Claim · model-written summary
Trunk radius growth rate was negative from veraison until harvest.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“an une.xpected negative rate from veraison until harvesting”
e1“Daily measurements of trunk radius”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors set forth regulated irrigation based on growth patterns.
- Outcome
- regulated irrigation according to the growth patterns of the various plant partse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“A programme for regulated irrigation according to the growth patterns of the various plant parts is set forth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest undesirable shoot growth can be suppressed without harming berry growth or composition.
- Outcome
- Suppression of undesirable shoot growth without a deleterious effect on berry growth, and acquisition of a more favourable grape compositione0
- Qualifier
- seems possiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Colombar Grapevines”
e0“Suppression of undesirable shoot growth without a deleterious effect on berry growth, and acquisition of a more favourable grape composition seems possible”
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