Abstract
Melatonin regulates broad aspects of plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, but the upstream regulation of melatonin biosynthesis by these stresses remains largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that transcription factor heat-shock factor A1a (HsfA1a) conferred cadmium (Cd) tolerance to tomato plants, in part through its positive role in inducing melatonin biosynthesis under Cd stress. Analysis of leaf phenotype, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency revealed that silencing of the HsfA1a gene decreased Cd tolerance, whereas its overexpression enhanced plant tolerance to Cd. HsfA1a-silenced plants exhibited reduced melatonin levels, and HsfA1a overexpression stimulated melatonin accumulation and the expression of the melatonin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (COMT1) under Cd stress. Both an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR analysis revealed that HsfA1a binds to the COMT1 gene promoter. Meanwhile, Cd stress induced the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which was compromised in HsfA1a-silenced plants and more robustly induced in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants under Cd stress. COMT1 silencing reduced HsfA1a-induced Cd tolerance and melatonin accumulation in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants. Additionally, the HsfA1a-induced expression of HSPs was partially compromised in COMT1-silenced wild-type or HsfA1a-overexpressing plants under Cd stress. These results demonstrate that HsfA1a confers Cd tolerance by activating transcription of the COMT1 gene and inducing accumulation of melatonin that partially upregulates expression of HSPs.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
HsfA1a conferred cadmium tolerance to tomato plants, in part through inducing melatonin biosynthesis under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Gene
- HsfA1ae0
- Compound
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- cadmium (Cd) tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HsfA1a) conferred cadmium (Cd) tolerance to tomato plants, in part through its positive role in inducing melatonin biosynthesis under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of the HsfA1a gene decreased Cd tolerance in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silencing of the HsfA1a genee1
- Gene
- HsfA1ae1
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“silencing of the HsfA1a gene decreased Cd tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of HsfA1a enhanced Cd tolerance in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressione1
- Outcome
- tolerance to Cde1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“its overexpression enhanced plant tolerance to Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
HsfA1a-silenced plants had reduced melatonin levels.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HsfA1a-silencede1
- Gene
- HsfA1ae1
- Outcome
- melatonin levelse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“HsfA1a-silenced plants exhibited reduced melatonin levels”
Claim · model-written summary
HsfA1a overexpression stimulated melatonin accumulation and expression of the melatonin biosynthetic gene COMT1 under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HsfA1a overexpressione1
- Gene
- COMT1e1
- Outcome
- melatonin accumulation and the expression of the melatonin biosynthetic genee1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“HsfA1a overexpression stimulated melatonin accumulation and the expression of the melatonin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (COMT1) under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
HsfA1a binds to the COMT1 gene promoter, shown by in vitro EMSA and in vivo ChIP-qPCR.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- HsfA1ae1
- Outcome
- binds to the COMT1 gene promotere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“HsfA1a binds to the COMT1 gene promoter”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress induced the expression of heat-shock proteins.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse1
- Outcome
- expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs)e1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“Cd stress induced the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cd-induced expression of HSPs was compromised in HsfA1a-silenced plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HsfA1a-silencede2
- Gene
- HsfA1ae2
- Outcome
- heat-shock proteins (HSPs)e1
- Direction
- compromisede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“heat-shock proteins (HSPs)”
e2“compromised in HsfA1a-silenced plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cd-induced expression of HSPs was more robust in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HsfA1a-overexpressinge2
- Gene
- HsfA1ae2
- Outcome
- heat-shock proteins (HSPs)e1
- Direction
- more robustly inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“heat-shock proteins (HSPs)”
e2“more robustly induced in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
COMT1 silencing reduced HsfA1a-induced Cd tolerance and melatonin accumulation in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- COMT1 silencinge1
- Gene
- COMT1e1
- Outcome
- HsfA1a-induced Cd tolerance and melatonin accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“COMT1 silencing reduced HsfA1a-induced Cd tolerance and melatonin accumulation in HsfA1a-overexpressing plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The HsfA1a-induced expression of HSPs was partially compromised in COMT1-silenced wild-type or HsfA1a-overexpressing plants under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- COMT1-silencede1
- Gene
- COMT1e1
- Outcome
- HsfA1a-induced expression of HSPse1
- Direction
- partially compromisede1
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“HsfA1a-induced expression of HSPs was partially compromised in COMT1-silenced wild-type or HsfA1a-overexpressing plants under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
HsfA1a confers Cd tolerance by activating COMT1 transcription and inducing melatonin accumulation, which partially upregulates HSP expression.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- HsfA1ae1
- Compound
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato plants”
e1“HsfA1a confers Cd tolerance by activating transcription of the COMT1 gene and inducing accumulation of melatonin that partially upregulates expression of HSPs”
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