Abstract
Polyamines are phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development as well as the response to environmental stresses. To evaluate their functions in high-temperature stress responses, the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) were determined in tomato leaves using two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. A total of 67 differentially expressed proteins were identified in response to high-temperature stress and/or exogenous Spd, which were grouped into different categories according to biological processes. The four largest categories included proteins involved in photosynthesis (27%), cell rescue, and defense (24%), protein synthesis, folding and degradation (22%), and energy and metabolism (13%). Exogenous Spd up-regulated most identified proteins involved in photosynthesis, implying an enhancement in photosynthetic capacity. Meanwhile, physiological analysis showed that Spd could improve net photosynthetic rate and the biomass accumulation. Moreover, an increased high-temperature stress tolerance by exogenous Spd would contribute to the higher expressions of proteins involved in cell rescue and defense, and Spd regulated the antioxidant enzymes activities and related genes expression in tomato seedlings exposed to high temperature. Taken together, these findings provide a better understanding of the Spd-induced high-temperature resistance by proteomic approaches, providing valuable insight into improving the high-temperature stress tolerance in the global warming epoch.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Sixty-seven proteins were differentially expressed under heat stress and/or spermidine.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- high-temperature stress and/or exogenous Spde0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed proteinse0
- Value
- 67e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 67 differentially expressed proteins were identified in response to high-temperature stress and/or exogenous Spd”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis, defense, protein processing, and metabolism were the four largest protein categories.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- four largest categoriese0
- Qualifier
- proteins involved in photosynthesis (27%), cell rescue, and defense (24%), protein synthesis, folding and degradation (22%), and energy and metabolism (13%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The four largest categories included proteins involved in photosynthesis (27%), cell rescue, and defense (24%), protein synthesis, folding and degradation (22%), and energy and metabolism (13%)”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine upregulated most identified photosynthesis proteins.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Spde0
- Outcome
- identified proteins involved in photosynthesise0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous Spd up-regulated most identified proteins involved in photosynthesis”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine improved net photosynthetic rate in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spd could improve net photosynthetic rate and the biomass accumulation”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine improved tomato biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spd could improve net photosynthetic rate and the biomass accumulation”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine increased high-temperature stress tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- exogenous Spde0
- Outcome
- high-temperature stress tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increased high-temperature stress tolerance by exogenous Spd”
e1“tomato seedlings exposed to high temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine was associated with higher expression of cell rescue and defense proteins.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Spde1
- Outcome
- expressions of proteins involved in cell rescue and defensee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher expressions of proteins involved in cell rescue and defense”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e1“exogenous Spd would contribute to the higher expressions of proteins involved in cell rescue and defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine regulated antioxidant enzyme activities and related gene expression in heat-exposed tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Spde0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activities and related genes expressione0
- Qualifier
- exposed to high temperaturee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spd regulated the antioxidant enzymes activities and related genes expression in tomato seedlings exposed to high temperature”
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