Abstract
We studied the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on plant growth and nitrogen metabolism in two cultivars of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) that have differential sensitivity to mixed salinity-alkalinity stress: ‘Jinpeng Chaoguan’ (salt-tolerant) and ‘Zhongza No. 9’ (salt-sensitive). Seedling growth of both tomato cultivars was inhibited by salinity-alkalinity stress, but Spd treatment alleviated the growth reduction to some extent, especially in ‘Zhongza No. 9’. Exogenous Spd may help reduce stress-induced increases in free amino acids, ammonium (NH 4 + ) contents, and NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) activities; depress stress-induced decreases in soluble protein and nitrate content; and depress nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase (GS), NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities, especially for ‘Zhongza No. 9’. Based on our results, we suggest that exogenous Spd promotes the assimilation of excess toxic NH 4 + by coordinating and strengthening the synergistic action of NADH-GDH, GS/NADH-GOGAT, and transamination pathways, all during saline-alkaline stress. Subsequently, NH 4 + and its related enzymes (GDH, GS, GOGAT, GOT, and GPT), in vivo, are maintained in a proper and balanced state to enable mitigation of stress-resulted damages. These results suggest that exogenous Spd treatment can relieve nitrogen metabolic disturbances caused by salinity-alkalinity stress and eventually promote plant growth.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-alkalinity stress inhibited seedling growth in both tomato cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- salinity-alkalinity stresse0
- Outcome
- Seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling growth of both tomato cultivars was inhibited by salinity-alkalinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine alleviated stress-related growth reduction, especially in Zhongza No. 9.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Zhongza No. 9e0
- Treatment
- Spd treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth reductione0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spd treatment alleviated the growth reduction to some extent, especially in ‘Zhongza No. 9’”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine may reduce stress-induced increases in free amino acids, ammonium, and NADH-GDH activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Spde0
- Outcome
- free amino acids, ammonium (NH 4 + ) contents, and NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) activitiese0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous Spd may help reduce stress-induced increases in free amino acids, ammonium (NH 4 + ) contents, and NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) activities”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine may depress stress-induced decreases in soluble protein and nitrate content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Spermidinet0
- Outcome
- soluble protein and nitrate contente0
- Direction
- depresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“depress stress-induced decreases in soluble protein and nitrate content”
t0“Exogenous Spermidine on Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine may depress the listed nitrogen assimilation enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Spermidinet0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase (GS)e0
- Direction
- depresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“depress nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase (GS), NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities”
t0“Exogenous Spermidine on Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine is proposed to promote assimilation of excess ammonium by coordinating nitrogen assimilation pathways.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous Spde0
- Outcome
- assimilation of excess toxic NH 4 +e0
- Qualifier
- coordinating and strengthening the synergistic action of NADH-GDH, GS/NADH-GOGAT, and transamination pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous Spd promotes the assimilation of excess toxic NH 4 + by coordinating and strengthening the synergistic action of NADH-GDH, GS/NADH-GOGAT, and transamination pathways”
t0“Tomato”
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