Abstract
Salinity significantly impacts the growth, development, and reproductive biology of various crops such as vegetables. The cultivable area is reduced due to the accumulation of salts and chemicals currently in use and is not amenable to a large extent to avoid such abiotic stress factors. The addition of microbes enriches the soil without any adverse effects. The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions. Salinity treatments comprising Ec 0, 2, 5, and 8 dS/m were established by mixing soil with seawater until the desired Ec was achieved. The seedlings were transplanted in the pots of the respective pH and were inoculated with microbial consortia. After sufficient growth, these seedlings were transplanted in soil seedling trays. The measurement of soil minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and pH and the Ec were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation. The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters. In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents. While bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia). The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes, but the beneficial effect of the microbe helps plants sustain in the saline environment. The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant; thus, it produced higher biomass and growth. Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress. Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial consortia had non-significant effects on soil parameters
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- microbial consortiae0
- Outcome
- soil parameterse1
- Direction
- non-significante1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e1“The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters”
e2“were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot and root dry weight, shoot height, secondary roots, chlorophyll and mineral contents in uninoculated seedlings
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente3
- Outcome
- leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contentse3
- Comparator
- uninoculated seedlings’ (control)e3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e3“In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterized seedlings under saline soil had 105.17% higher leaf dry weight than control
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacterized seedlings sown under saline soile4
- Outcome
- leafe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 105.17%e4
- Qualifier
- dry weighte4
- Comparator
- control (without consortia)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e4“bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterized seedlings under saline soil had 105.62% higher shoot dry weight than control
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacterized seedlings sown under saline soile4
- Outcome
- shoote4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 105.62%e4
- Qualifier
- dry weighte4
- Comparator
- control (without consortia)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e4“bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterized seedlings under saline soil had 109.06% higher root dry weight than control
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacterized seedlings sown under saline soile4
- Outcome
- roote4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 109.06%e4
- Qualifier
- dry weighte4
- Comparator
- control (without consortia)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e4“bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterized seedlings under saline soil had 75.68% higher leaf number than control
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacterized seedlings sown under saline soile4
- Outcome
- leaf numbere4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 75.68%e4
- Comparator
- control (without consortia)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e4“bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterized seedlings under saline soil had 92.95% longer shoots than control
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacterized seedlings sown under saline soile4
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 92.95%e4
- Comparator
- control (without consortia)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e4“bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterized seedlings under saline soil had 146.14% longer roots than control
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacterized seedlings sown under saline soile4
- Outcome
- root lengthe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 146.14%e4
- Comparator
- control (without consortia)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e4“bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterized seedlings under saline soil had 91.23% more secondary roots than control
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacterized seedlings sown under saline soile4
- Outcome
- secondary rootse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 91.23%e4
- Comparator
- control (without consortia)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e4“bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content value reported as -61.49% in bacterized seedlings compared with control, under the word increased
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacterized seedlings sown under saline soile4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- −61.49%e4
- Comparator
- control (without consortia)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e4“bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Na and K intake were higher in tomatoes with microbes present
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- presence of the microbese6
- Outcome
- Na and K intakee6
- Direction
- highere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e6“The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial consortia increased secondary roots, which accumulate minerals and produced higher biomass and growth
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- inoculation of microbial consortiae5
- Outcome
- biomass and growthe5
- Qualifier
- more secondary rootse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e5“The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant; thus, it produced higher biomass and growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial consortia could improve growth of tomato plants under salinity stress
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- treatment with microbial consortiae6
- Outcome
- growth of tomato plantse6
- Direction
- improvee6
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial consortia are recommended as an approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- managing soil salinity and improving plant growthe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions”
e7“Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions”
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