Abstract
Free-living bacteria of the genus Azospirillum live in close association with rice roots. This bacteria produced indole acetic acid (IAA), a plant growth hormon, to the environment. IAA was isolated from cultures of Azospirillum strains and investigated for its effect on root development and plant height of rice variety IR64 in vitro. Rice cultures of variety IR64 were grown in vitro and inoculated with cultures of Azospirilllum. Production of IAA by the bacterium during its growth period in rice culture medium containing different levels of nitrogen was observed. Results of the experiment showed that strains Azospirillum Az15 and Az44 had a high ability to produce IAA, i.e., 57.93 μg/ml at 12 days after incubation (DAI) and 40.42 μg/ml at 7 DAI, respectively. The IAA production pattern of Azospirillum Az15 and Az44 in the liquid medium were fluctuative until the end of the incubation period, while that of the strain Az7 was linier. Strain Az7 gave a better effect on the root development and plant height than strains Az15 and Az44. Treatment combination of strain Az7 and 100% nitrogen gave highest root development. High level of nitrogen increased IAA content in the uninoculated culture, while low IAA content on the inoculated one. Inoculation the culture with strain Az7 together with 50% nitrogen application resulted in the IAA content, root dry weight, root length, fiber root number, and plant height as high as those on cultures containing 100% nitrogen (1 mM NH4NO3) without inoculation. Inoculation of rice culture with Azospirillum is expected to reduce nitrogen application on rice IR64 by the IAA production as indicated by significant changes in the root growth and development. A higher concentrations of IAA tend to give better effects on the root growth and development of rice IR64.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum Az15 produced 57.93 μg/ml IAA at 12 DAI.
- Taxon
- rice variety IR64
Oryza sativae1 - Interactor
- Azospirillum Az15e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Azospirillum Az15 and Az44 had a high ability to produce IAAe0
- Value
- 57.93 μg/mle0
- Qualifier
- 12 days after incubation (DAI)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strains Azospirillum Az15 and Az44 had a high ability to produce IAA, i.e., 57.93 μg/ml at 12 days after incubation (DAI) and 40.42 μg/ml at 7 DAI, respectively”
e1“rice variety IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum Az44 produced 40.42 μg/ml IAA at 7 DAI.
- Taxon
- rice variety IR64Oryza sativae1
- Interactor
- Az44e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Azospirillum Az15 and Az44 had a high ability to produce IAAe0
- Value
- 40.42 μg/mle0
- Qualifier
- 7 DAIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strains Azospirillum Az15 and Az44 had a high ability to produce IAA, i.e., 57.93 μg/ml at 12 days after incubation (DAI) and 40.42 μg/ml at 7 DAI, respectively”
e1“rice variety IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA production fluctuated for Az15 and Az44, whereas it was linear for Az7.
- Taxon
- rice variety IR64Oryza sativae1
- Interactor
- Azospirillum Az15 and Az44e0symbiont
- Outcome
- IAA production pattern of Azospirillum Az15 and Az44e0
- Qualifier
- fluctuative until the end of the incubation periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IAA production pattern of Azospirillum Az15 and Az44 in the liquid medium were fluctuative until the end of the incubation period, while that of the strain Az7 was linier”
e1“rice variety IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
Az7 improved root development and plant height more than Az15 and Az44.
- Taxon
- rice variety IR64Oryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Strain Az7e0
- Interactor
- Az7e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root development and plant heighte0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- strains Az15 and Az44e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain Az7 gave a better effect on the root development and plant height than strains Az15 and Az44”
e1“rice variety IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
Az7 with 100% nitrogen gave the highest root development.
- Taxon
- rice variety IR64Oryza sativae1
- Treatment
- strain Az7 and 100% nitrogene0
- Interactor
- Az7e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment combination of strain Az7 and 100% nitrogen gave highest root development”
e1“rice variety IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased IAA content in uninoculated cultures.
- Taxon
- rice variety IR64Oryza sativae1
- Treatment
- High level of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- IAA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- uninoculated culturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High level of nitrogen increased IAA content in the uninoculated culture”
e1“rice variety IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA content was low in inoculated cultures under high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice variety IR64Oryza sativae1
- Outcome
- low IAA contente0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while low IAA content on the inoculated one”
e1“rice variety IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
Az7 inoculation with 50% nitrogen produced IAA content, root dry weight and root length as high as uninoculated 100% nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice variety IR64Oryza sativae1
- Treatment
- strain Az7 together with 50% nitrogen applicatione0
- Interactor
- Az7e0symbiont
- Outcome
- IAA content, root dry weight, root lengthe0
- Direction
- as high ase0
- Comparator
- cultures containing 100% nitrogen (1 mM NH4NO3) without inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation the culture with strain Az7 together with 50% nitrogen application resulted in the IAA content, root dry weight, root length, fiber root number, and plant height as high as those on cultures containing 100% nitrogen (1 mM NH4NO3) without inoculation”
e1“rice variety IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
Az7 inoculation with 50% nitrogen produced fiber root number and plant height as high as uninoculated 100% nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice variety IR64Oryza sativae1
- Treatment
- strain Az7 together with 50% nitrogen applicatione0
- Interactor
- Az7e0symbiont
- Outcome
- fiber root number, and plant heighte0
- Direction
- as high ase0
- Comparator
- cultures containing 100% nitrogen (1 mM NH4NO3) without inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation the culture with strain Az7 together with 50% nitrogen application resulted in the IAA content, root dry weight, root length, fiber root number, and plant height as high as those on cultures containing 100% nitrogen (1 mM NH4NO3) without inoculation”
e1“rice variety IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher IAA concentrations tended to improve rice root growth and development.
Verbatim
e0“A higher concentrations of IAA tend to give better effects on the root growth and development of rice IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors expect Azospirillum inoculation to reduce nitrogen application for rice IR64.
- Taxon
- rice IR64e0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- reduce nitrogen applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of rice culture with Azospirillum is expected to reduce nitrogen application on rice IR64 by the IAA production as indicated by significant changes in the root growth and development”
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See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.