Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers), is an important food legume in drier regions of the world, which is threatened by cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus), which is a cosmopolitan field-to-store pest of cowpea with infestation usually starting from the field. Cowpea weevil causes quantitative and qualitative losses, manifested by seed perforation, reductions in seed weight, reduced income to households, reduced market value and low seed germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) roots essential oil extract on the survival of Callosobruchus maculatus. Behaviour of Hexane extract of powdered Moringa oleifera roots was obtained by the Soxhlet extraction method. Moringa roots oil extract was applied at dosages of 0.5 l, 1.0 l, 1.5 and 2.0 ml per 20.0 g of Ife Brown Peduncle cowpea (susceptible variety) seeds. Dichlorvos (DDVP: 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) was included as a check. It was applied at dosage of 2.0 ml per 20.0 g cowpea seeds. Moringa roots oil extract at 2.0 ml per 20 g cowpea seeds resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher mortality of 98.1% compared with Dichlorvos (89.9%). Also, 2.0 ml of root extract applied on the dorsum of adult insects (topical application) resulted in the highest mortality (100%) at 72 hours after application, compared with Dichlorvos (99.2%). There were significant reductions in the number of eggs laid in the order of 7.5 (0.5 ml), 8.0 (1.0 ml), 11.8 (1.5 ml) and 6.5 (2.0 ml); compared with Dichlorvos (20.8). Significantly fewer adults emerged from 0.5 ml (20.3), 1.0 ml (15.5), 1.5 ml (11.8) and 2.0 ml (9.0) root extracts than with Dichlorvos (37.0). Similarly, oviposition, contact toxicity and mortality were dose dependent; and higher concentrations significantly protected cowpea seeds against damage by C. maculatus. There was no significant difference in seed weight loss. Also, cowpea seeds coated with moringa roots oil extract germinated normally. The roots oil extract at 2.0 ml per 20.0 g cowpea seeds reduced damage by C. maculatus and was effective in controlling C. maculatus infestation on stored cowpea seeds.Keywords: 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, contact toxicity, Moringa oleifera, oviposition, Vigna unguiculata
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.0 ml per 20 g cowpea seeds, Moringa root oil caused 98.1% beetle mortality versus 89.9% with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- Moringa roots oil extract at 2.0 ml per 20 g cowpea seedse0
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus
Callosobruchus maculatuse1peste0 - Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 98.1%e0
- Qualifier
- 89.9%e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moringa roots oil extract at 2.0 ml per 20 g cowpea seeds resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher mortality of 98.1% compared with Dichlorvos (89.9%).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
e1“cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Topical 2.0 ml root extract caused 100% adult beetle mortality at 72 hours versus 99.2% with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2.0 ml of root extract applied on the dorsum of adult insects (topical application)e0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 99.2%e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2.0 ml of root extract applied on the dorsum of adult insects (topical application) resulted in the highest mortality (100%) at 72 hours after application, compared with Dichlorvos (99.2%).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.5 ml extract treatment had 7.5 eggs laid versus 20.8 with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mle0
- Outcome
- number of eggs laide0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 7.5e0
- Qualifier
- 20.8e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant reductions in the number of eggs laid in the order of 7.5 (0.5 ml), 8.0 (1.0 ml), 11.8 (1.5 ml) and 6.5 (2.0 ml); compared with Dichlorvos (20.8).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1.0 ml extract treatment had 8.0 eggs laid versus 20.8 with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mle0
- Outcome
- number of eggs laide0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 8.0e0
- Qualifier
- 20.8e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant reductions in the number of eggs laid in the order of 7.5 (0.5 ml), 8.0 (1.0 ml), 11.8 (1.5 ml) and 6.5 (2.0 ml); compared with Dichlorvos (20.8).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1.5 ml extract treatment had 11.8 eggs laid versus 20.8 with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 1.5 mle0
- Outcome
- number of eggs laide0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 11.8e0
- Qualifier
- 20.8e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant reductions in the number of eggs laid in the order of 7.5 (0.5 ml), 8.0 (1.0 ml), 11.8 (1.5 ml) and 6.5 (2.0 ml); compared with Dichlorvos (20.8).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2.0 ml extract treatment had 6.5 eggs laid versus 20.8 with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2.0 mle0
- Outcome
- number of eggs laide0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 6.5e0
- Qualifier
- 20.8e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant reductions in the number of eggs laid in the order of 7.5 (0.5 ml), 8.0 (1.0 ml), 11.8 (1.5 ml) and 6.5 (2.0 ml); compared with Dichlorvos (20.8).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.5 ml extract, 20.3 adults emerged versus 37.0 with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mle0
- Outcome
- adults emergede0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 20.3e0
- Qualifier
- 37.0e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly fewer adults emerged from 0.5 ml (20.3), 1.0 ml (15.5), 1.5 ml (11.8) and 2.0 ml (9.0) root extracts than with Dichlorvos (37.0).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.0 ml extract, 15.5 adults emerged versus 37.0 with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mle0
- Outcome
- adults emergede0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 15.5e0
- Qualifier
- 37.0e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly fewer adults emerged from 0.5 ml (20.3), 1.0 ml (15.5), 1.5 ml (11.8) and 2.0 ml (9.0) root extracts than with Dichlorvos (37.0).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.5 ml extract, 11.8 adults emerged versus 37.0 with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 1.5 mle0
- Outcome
- adults emergede0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 11.8e0
- Qualifier
- 37.0e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly fewer adults emerged from 0.5 ml (20.3), 1.0 ml (15.5), 1.5 ml (11.8) and 2.0 ml (9.0) root extracts than with Dichlorvos (37.0).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2.0 ml extract, 9.0 adults emerged versus 37.0 with Dichlorvos.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2.0 mle0
- Outcome
- adults emergede0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 9.0e0
- Qualifier
- 37.0e0
- Comparator
- Dichlorvose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly fewer adults emerged from 0.5 ml (20.3), 1.0 ml (15.5), 1.5 ml (11.8) and 2.0 ml (9.0) root extracts than with Dichlorvos (37.0).”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
Oviposition was dose dependent under the root extract treatments.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- dose dependente0
- Outcome
- ovipositione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oviposition, contact toxicity and mortality were dose dependent”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
Contact toxicity was dose dependent under the root extract treatments.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- dose dependente0
- Outcome
- contact toxicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oviposition, contact toxicity and mortality were dose dependent”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality was dose dependent under the root extract treatments.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- dose dependente0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oviposition, contact toxicity and mortality were dose dependent”
t0“cowpea beetle”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher extract concentrations significantly protected cowpea seeds against beetle damage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- higher concentrationse0
- Interactor
- C. maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse0pest
- Outcome
- damage by C. maculatuse0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher concentrations significantly protected cowpea seeds against damage by C. maculatus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight loss did not differ significantly under extract treatment.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- moringa roots oil extracte1
- Outcome
- seed weight losse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in seed weight loss.”
t0“cowpea beetle”
e1“cowpea seeds coated with moringa roots oil extract germinated normally”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea seeds coated with Moringa root oil germinated normally.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- moringa roots oil extracte0
- Outcome
- germinated normallye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cowpea seeds coated with moringa roots oil extract germinated normally.”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · quality: postharvest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →botanical · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
122 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
122 papers more in this group
See all 126 papers →botanical · Callosobruchus maculatus · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
157 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
159 papers more in this group
See all 163 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.