Abstract
Pre-storage dry physiological treatment of harvest fresh (high-vigour) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Sonalika seed with finely powdered aspro (active ingredient (ai) ortho-acetylsalicylic acid 56.5% @ 100 mg kg-1 of seed], ibucon (ai, ibuprofen, 28.57%; and paracetamol, 71.42% @ 100 mg kg-1 of seed), and common bleaching powder (ai, calcium hypochlorite, 50% @ 2 g kg-1 of seed) showed significant improvement on vigour and viability over the untreated control after natural aging under ambient conditions (relative humidity, 81 ± 1.9% and temperature, 29.6 ± 0.3°C). Finely powdered dry red chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) fruit @ 1 g kg-1 of seed and trigonella (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed powder @ 1 g kg-1 of seed also improved storability over the untreated control. Mid-storage soaking-drying treatment with water, which was included for the comparison with the pre-storage dry treatments, was equally effective in reducing seed deterioration and improving post-storage germinability. Dry-dressing with the fungicides showed their compatibility with the physiological wet and dry treatments. None of them reduced the beneficial effects of vigour and viability, maintaining physiological treatments. The field performance and productivity of the crop raised from seeds of the physiological (pre-storage) and wet (mid-storage) treatments were consistently superior to the untreated control. The final emergence of seedlings in the field (plant population) was significantly improved by aspro and captan. All the physiological treatments showed greater numbers of effective (ear-bearing) tillers than the control, while amongst the fungicides, such improvements were shown by captan and bavistin. Regarding grain yield, all the physiological treatments except trigonella seed powder improved yield per unit area, but the overall effect of the fungicides was not significant; however, none of them showed any negative interaction with the physiological treatments.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Finely powdered aspro significantly improved wheat seed vigour and viability over the untreated control after natural aging.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- finely powdered asproe0
- Outcome
- vigour and viabilitye0
- Direction
- significant improvemente0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- natural aging under ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“finely powdered aspro (active ingredient (ai) ortho-acetylsalicylic acid 56.5% @ 100 mg kg-1 of seed], ibucon (ai, ibuprofen, 28.57%; and paracetamol, 71.42% @ 100 mg kg-1 of seed), and common bleaching powder (ai, calcium hypochlorite, 50% @ 2 g kg-1 of seed) showed significant improvement on vigour and viability over the untreated control after natural aging under ambient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Ibucon significantly improved wheat seed vigour and viability over the untreated control after natural aging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ibucone0
- Outcome
- vigour and viabilitye0
- Direction
- significant improvemente0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- natural aging under ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“finely powdered aspro (active ingredient (ai) ortho-acetylsalicylic acid 56.5% @ 100 mg kg-1 of seed], ibucon (ai, ibuprofen, 28.57%; and paracetamol, 71.42% @ 100 mg kg-1 of seed), and common bleaching powder (ai, calcium hypochlorite, 50% @ 2 g kg-1 of seed) showed significant improvement on vigour and viability over the untreated control after natural aging under ambient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Common bleaching powder significantly improved wheat seed vigour and viability over the untreated control after natural aging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- common bleaching powdere0
- Outcome
- vigour and viabilitye0
- Direction
- significant improvemente0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- natural aging under ambient conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“finely powdered aspro (active ingredient (ai) ortho-acetylsalicylic acid 56.5% @ 100 mg kg-1 of seed], ibucon (ai, ibuprofen, 28.57%; and paracetamol, 71.42% @ 100 mg kg-1 of seed), and common bleaching powder (ai, calcium hypochlorite, 50% @ 2 g kg-1 of seed) showed significant improvement on vigour and viability over the untreated control after natural aging under ambient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Finely powdered dry red chilli fruit improved wheat seed storability over the untreated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Finely powdered dry red chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) fruit @ 1 g kg-1 of seede1
- Outcome
- storabilitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Finely powdered dry red chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) fruit @ 1 g kg-1 of seed and trigonella (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed powder @ 1 g kg-1 of seed also improved storability over the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Trigonella seed powder improved wheat seed storability over the untreated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trigonella (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed powder @ 1 g kg-1 of seede1
- Outcome
- storabilitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Finely powdered dry red chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) fruit @ 1 g kg-1 of seed and trigonella (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed powder @ 1 g kg-1 of seed also improved storability over the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-storage soaking-drying with water was equally effective as the pre-storage dry treatments in reducing wheat seed deterioration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Mid-storage soaking-drying treatment with watere2
- Outcome
- seed deterioratione2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Comparator
- pre-storage dry treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“Mid-storage soaking-drying treatment with water, which was included for the comparison with the pre-storage dry treatments, was equally effective in reducing seed deterioration and improving post-storage germinability”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-storage soaking-drying with water was equally effective as the pre-storage dry treatments in improving wheat post-storage germinability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Mid-storage soaking-drying treatment with watere2
- Outcome
- post-storage germinabilitye2
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Comparator
- pre-storage dry treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“Mid-storage soaking-drying treatment with water, which was included for the comparison with the pre-storage dry treatments, was equally effective in reducing seed deterioration and improving post-storage germinability”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-dressing with the fungicides was compatible with the physiological wet and dry seed treatments in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Dry-dressing with the fungicidese3
- Outcome
- compatibilitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“Dry-dressing with the fungicides showed their compatibility with the physiological wet and dry treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the fungicides reduced the beneficial vigour and viability effects of the physiological seed treatments in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Dry-dressing with the fungicidese3
- Outcome
- beneficial effects of vigour and viabilitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“Dry-dressing with the fungicides showed their compatibility with the physiological wet and dry treatments”
e4“None of them reduced the beneficial effects of vigour and viability, maintaining physiological treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Field performance and productivity of wheat raised from seeds of the physiological and wet treatments were consistently superior to the untreated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- physiological (pre-storage) and wet (mid-storage) treatmentse5
- Outcome
- field performance and productivitye5
- Direction
- superiore5
- Comparator
- untreated controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“The field performance and productivity of the crop raised from seeds of the physiological (pre-storage) and wet (mid-storage) treatments were consistently superior to the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspro significantly improved final seedling emergence of wheat in the field.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- asproe6
- Outcome
- final emergence of seedlings in the field (plant population)e6
- Direction
- significantly improvede6
- Setting
- in the fielde6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“The final emergence of seedlings in the field (plant population) was significantly improved by aspro and captan”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan significantly improved final seedling emergence of wheat in the field.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- captane6
- Outcome
- final emergence of seedlings in the field (plant population)e6
- Direction
- significantly improvede6
- Setting
- in the fielde6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“The final emergence of seedlings in the field (plant population) was significantly improved by aspro and captan”
Claim · model-written summary
All physiological seed treatments gave wheat more effective (ear-bearing) tillers than the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- physiological treatmentse7
- Outcome
- numbers of effective (ear-bearing) tillerse7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- the controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“All the physiological treatments showed greater numbers of effective (ear-bearing) tillers than the control, while amongst the fungicides, such improvements were shown by captan and bavistin”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan improved the number of effective (ear-bearing) tillers of wheat compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- captane7
- Outcome
- effective (ear-bearing) tillerse7
- Direction
- improvementse7
- Comparator
- the controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“All the physiological treatments showed greater numbers of effective (ear-bearing) tillers than the control, while amongst the fungicides, such improvements were shown by captan and bavistin”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin improved the number of effective (ear-bearing) tillers of wheat compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- bavistine7
- Outcome
- effective (ear-bearing) tillerse7
- Direction
- improvementse7
- Comparator
- the controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“All the physiological treatments showed greater numbers of effective (ear-bearing) tillers than the control, while amongst the fungicides, such improvements were shown by captan and bavistin”
Claim · model-written summary
All physiological seed treatments except trigonella seed powder improved wheat yield per unit area.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all the physiological treatments except trigonella seed powdere1
- Outcome
- yield per unit areae1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Regarding grain yield, all the physiological treatments except trigonella seed powder improved yield per unit area, but the overall effect of the fungicides was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
The overall effect of the fungicides on wheat grain yield was not significant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicidese1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Regarding grain yield, all the physiological treatments except trigonella seed powder improved yield per unit area, but the overall effect of the fungicides was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the fungicides showed a negative interaction with the physiological seed treatments in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- negative interactione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“none of them showed any negative interaction with the physiological treatments”
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