Abstract
Under stress conditions such as salinity and drought, plant tolerance depends on upregulating ATPase activity. A greenhouse and a field experiments were conducted to investigate the regulation of chloroplast Mg+2-ATPase activity in wheat in response to soil salinity and nutrient supply. In the greenhouse, plants were imposed irrigation with three water salinities; 0.4, 4.0, and 8.0 dSm-1 with different sub-treatments of nutrient applications. Wheat yield was negatively correlated with soil salinity, presenting threshold at 6 dSm-1 followed by yield reduction with slope 7.4 % per unit dSm-1. Salt stress decreased Mg+2-ATP activity from 0.32 to 0.28 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl. Application of mixed fertilizers M.F. (compost, Gypsum, P, and K) for the non stressed plants resulted in increasing both Mg2+-ATPase from 0.32 to 0.40 and the relative grain yield to 120%, suggesting anabolic metabolism. At soil salinity above the threshold level, application of nutrients sharply increased Mg2+-ATPase activity up to 1.06 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl accompanying yield reduction; suggesting catabolic metabolism. In the field experiment, the soil salinity was 12.3 dSm-1 at planting and only drainage water (EC 3.9 dSm-1) was available for irrigation. The soil EC steeply reduced to 5.0 dSm-1 before the productive growth stages. Mg+2-ATPase activity was up-regulated at flowering and was low late in the season at the grain filling stage. Foliar spray with K+ and a biostimulant enhanced ATPase activity as well as grain yield compared to the control. Under the field condition Mg2+-ATPase activity was correlated with the grain yield, which reached 8.7 Mg ha-1. The variation in wheat response in the greenhouse to that in the field may be attributed to the greenhouse conditions that impaired photosynthesis activity and induced catabolic ATP hydrolysis.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was negatively correlated with soil salinity, with a threshold at 6 dSm-1 and a subsequent 7.4 % reduction per unit dSm-1.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- Wheat yielde0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- 7.4 % per unit dSm-1e0
- Qualifier
- threshold at 6 dSm-1e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yield was negatively correlated with soil salinity, presenting threshold at 6 dSm-1 followed by yield reduction with slope 7.4 % per unit dSm-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased wheat chloroplast ATPase activity from 0.32 to 0.28 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Mg+2-ATP activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.32 to 0.28 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress decreased Mg+2-ATP activity from 0.32 to 0.28 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer increased ATPase activity in unstressed wheat from 0.32 to 0.40.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mixed fertilizers M.F. (compost, Gypsum, P, and K)e0
- Outcome
- Mg2+-ATPasee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 0.32 to 0.40e0
- Comparator
- non stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of mixed fertilizers M.F. (compost, Gypsum, P, and K) for the non stressed plants resulted in increasing both Mg2+-ATPase from 0.32 to 0.40 and the relative grain yield to 120%”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer increased relative grain yield in unstressed wheat to 120%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mixed fertilizers M.F. (compost, Gypsum, P, and K)e0
- Outcome
- relative grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 120%e0
- Comparator
- non stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of mixed fertilizers M.F. (compost, Gypsum, P, and K) for the non stressed plants resulted in increasing both Mg2+-ATPase from 0.32 to 0.40 and the relative grain yield to 120%”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Above the salinity threshold, nutrient application increased wheat ATPase activity up to 1.06 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of nutrientse0
- Outcome
- Mg2+-ATPase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.06 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At soil salinity above the threshold level, application of nutrients sharply increased Mg2+-ATPase activity up to 1.06 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl accompanying yield reduction”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At salinity above the threshold, nutrient application accompanied yield reduction.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of nutrientse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At soil salinity above the threshold level, application of nutrients sharply increased Mg2+-ATPase activity up to 1.06 µmole Pi min-1 mg-1chl accompanying yield reduction”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Field soil EC declined from 12.3 to 5.0 dSm-1 before productive growth.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- soil ECe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5.0 dSm-1e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil salinity was 12.3 dSm-1 at planting and only drainage water (EC 3.9 dSm-1) was available for irrigation. The soil EC steeply reduced to 5.0 dSm-1 before the productive growth stages.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat ATPase activity was upregulated at flowering and low during late grain filling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Outcome
- Mg+2-ATPase activitye0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg+2-ATPase activity was up-regulated at flowering and was low late in the season at the grain filling stage.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar K+ and biostimulant enhanced wheat ATPase activity relative to control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with K+ and a biostimulante0
- Outcome
- ATPase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with K+ and a biostimulant enhanced ATPase activity as well as grain yield compared to the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar K+ and biostimulant enhanced wheat grain yield relative to control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray with K+ and a biostimulante0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray with K+ and a biostimulant enhanced ATPase activity as well as grain yield compared to the control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Field wheat ATPase activity correlated with grain yield, which reached 8.7 Mg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 8.7 Mg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- Mg2+-ATPase activitye0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the field condition Mg2+-ATPase activity was correlated with the grain yield, which reached 8.7 Mg ha-1.”
t0“Wheat”
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