Abstract
In organic farming, artificial/synthetic inorganic fertilizers/chemicals are not applied to increase crop yields, but adequate amounts of nutrients are essential for sustainable high production from agricultural crops. Two 3-year (2008 - wheat, 2009 – pea, and 2010 - barley) field experiments were conducted on certified organic farms near Spalding (Dark Brown Chernozem – Typic Haploboroll) and Star City (Gray Luvisol – Typic Haplocryalf) in northeastern Saskatche-wan to determine the relative effectiveness of various organic amendments (compost, alfalfa pellets, wood ash, rock phosphate, Penicillium bilaiae, MykePro, or gypsum), and intercropping of non-legume (wheat, barley) and legume (pea) annual crops on seed yield, total biomass yield (TBY) and nutrient uptake in seed + straw of wheat, pea and barley. In 2008, seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptake of wheat increased (but small) with compost and alfalfa pellets. In 2010, seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptake of barley increased substantially with compost and alfalfa pellets and moderately with wood ash. Other amendments had little or no effect on crop yield and nutrient uptake. In 2009, there was no beneficial effect of any amendment on yield and nutrient uptake of pea, most likely due to fixation of N which is the most limiting nutrient in these soils. Intercropping of wheat or barley with pea produced greater seed yield and nutrient uptake per unit land area basis compared to wheat or barley grown as sole crops in most cases. In conclusion, our results suggest potential benefits in improving yield and nutrient uptake of wheat and barley from compost, alfalfa pellets and possibly wood ash, most likely by preventing deficiencies of some nutrients, especially N, lacking in these soils under organic farming. Our findings also suggest the need for future research to determine the feasibility of rock phosphate, Penicillium bilaiae, MykePro, gypsum or other amendments in preventing P and/or S deficiency in organic crops using soils extremely deficient in these nutrients.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Compost slightly increased wheat yield, biomass and nutrient uptake in 2008.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- composte0
- Outcome
- seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- but smalle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2008, seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptake of wheat increased (but small) with compost and alfalfa pellets”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa pellets slightly increased wheat yield, biomass and nutrient uptake in 2008.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- alfalfa pelletse0
- Outcome
- seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- but smalle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2008, seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptake of wheat increased (but small) with compost and alfalfa pellets”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost substantially increased barley yield, biomass and nutrient uptake in 2010.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- composte0
- Outcome
- seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- increased substantiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In 2010, seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptake of barley increased substantially with compost and alfalfa pellets and moderately with wood ash”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa pellets substantially increased barley yield, biomass and nutrient uptake in 2010.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- alfalfa pelletse0
- Outcome
- seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- increased substantiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2010, seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptake of barley increased substantially with compost and alfalfa pellets and moderately with wood ash”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood ash moderately increased barley yield, biomass and nutrient uptake in 2010.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- wood ashe0
- Outcome
- seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- moderatelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2010, seed yield, TBY and nutrient uptake of barley increased substantially with compost and alfalfa pellets and moderately with wood ash”
Claim · model-written summary
Other amendments had little or no effect on yield and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Other amendmentse0
- Outcome
- crop yield and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other amendments had little or no effect on crop yield and nutrient uptake”
t0“nutrient uptake of wheat increased”
Claim · model-written summary
No amendment benefited pea yield or nutrient uptake in 2009.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- any amendmente0
- Outcome
- yield and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- no beneficial effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2009, there was no beneficial effect of any amendment on yield and nutrient uptake of pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping wheat with pea usually increased seed yield and nutrient uptake per unit area relative to sole wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Intercropping of wheat or barley with peae0
- Outcome
- seed yield and nutrient uptake per unit land area basise0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- in most casese0
- Comparator
- wheat or barley grown as sole cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping of wheat or barley with pea produced greater seed yield and nutrient uptake per unit land area basis compared to wheat or barley grown as sole crops in most cases”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping barley with pea usually increased seed yield and nutrient uptake per unit area relative to sole barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Intercropping of wheat or barley with peae0
- Outcome
- seed yield and nutrient uptake per unit land area basise0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- in most casese0
- Comparator
- wheat or barley grown as sole cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping of wheat or barley with pea produced greater seed yield and nutrient uptake per unit land area basis compared to wheat or barley grown as sole crops in most cases”
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See all 223 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.