Abstract
Abstract Growth regulator herbicides are widely used in paddy fields to control weeds, however their role in conferring environmental stress tolerance in the crop plants are still elusive. In this study, the effects of recommended dose of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on growth, oxidative damage, antioxidant defense, regulation of cation transporter genes and anatomical changes in the roots of rice cultivars XS 134 (salt resistant) and ZJ 88 (salt sensitive) were investigated under different levels of saline stress. Individual treatments of saline stress and 2,4-D application induced oxidative damage as evidenced by decreased root growth, enhanced ROS production, more membrane damage and Na + accumulation in sensitive cultivar compared to the tolerant cultivar. Conversely, combined treatments of 2,4-D and saline stress significantly alleviated the growth inhibition and oxidative stress in roots of rice cultivars by modulating lignin and callose deposition, redox states of AsA, GSH, and related enzyme activities involved in the antioxidant defense system. The expression analysis of nine cation transporter genes showed altered and differential gene expression in salt-stressed roots of sensitive and resistant cultivars. Together, these results suggest that 2,4-D differentially regulates the Na + and K + levels, ROS production, antioxidant defense, anatomical changes and cation transporters/genes in roots of rice cultivars.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Separate salt and 2,4-D treatments decreased root growth more in sensitive than tolerant rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- sensitive cultivare0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- saline stress and 2,4-D applicatione0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- the tolerant cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual treatments of saline stress and 2,4-D application induced oxidative damage as evidenced by decreased root growth, enhanced ROS production, more membrane damage and Na + accumulation in sensitive cultivar compared to the tolerant cultivar”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Separate salt and 2,4-D treatments enhanced ROS production in sensitive rice relative to tolerant rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sensitive cultivare0
- Treatment
- saline stress and 2,4-D applicatione0
- Outcome
- ROS productione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- the tolerant cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual treatments of saline stress and 2,4-D application induced oxidative damage as evidenced by decreased root growth, enhanced ROS production, more membrane damage and Na + accumulation in sensitive cultivar compared to the tolerant cultivar”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Separate treatments caused more membrane damage in sensitive than tolerant rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sensitive cultivare0
- Treatment
- saline stress and 2,4-D applicatione0
- Outcome
- membrane damagee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- the tolerant cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual treatments of saline stress and 2,4-D application induced oxidative damage as evidenced by decreased root growth, enhanced ROS production, more membrane damage and Na + accumulation in sensitive cultivar compared to the tolerant cultivar”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Separate treatments increased sodium accumulation in sensitive relative to tolerant rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sensitive cultivare0
- Treatment
- saline stress and 2,4-D applicatione0
- Outcome
- Na + accumulatione0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- the tolerant cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual treatments of saline stress and 2,4-D application induced oxidative damage as evidenced by decreased root growth, enhanced ROS production, more membrane damage and Na + accumulation in sensitive cultivar compared to the tolerant cultivar”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 2,4-D and salinity significantly alleviated root growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D and saline stresse0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined treatments of 2,4-D and saline stress significantly alleviated the growth inhibition and oxidative stress in roots of rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 2,4-D and salinity significantly alleviated root oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D and saline stresse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined treatments of 2,4-D and saline stress significantly alleviated the growth inhibition and oxidative stress in roots of rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment modulated lignin and callose deposition, redox states and antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- lignin and callose deposition, redox states of AsA, GSH, and related enzyme activitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by modulating lignin and callose deposition, redox states of AsA, GSH, and related enzyme activities involved in the antioxidant defense system”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine cation transporter genes showed altered and differential expression in salt-stressed roots across cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sensitive and resistant cultivarse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- cation transporter genese0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- altered and differentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression analysis of nine cation transporter genes showed altered and differential gene expression in salt-stressed roots of sensitive and resistant cultivars”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that 2,4-D differentially regulates ions, ROS, antioxidant defense, anatomy and transporters in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- Na + and K + levels, ROS production, antioxidant defensee0
- Qualifier
- anatomical changes and cation transporters/genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-D differentially regulates the Na + and K + levels, ROS production, antioxidant defense, anatomical changes and cation transporters/genes in roots of rice cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.