Abstract
Lambdacyhalothrin (trade name Karate) is a novel synthetic pyrethroid discovered and developed by ICI PLC Plant Protection Division, U.K. It has been shown to be effective against a wide range of insect pests on crops throughout the world. Lambdacyhalothrin was tested in several trials in cocoa for the control of the cocoa pod borer Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen), a major pest of cocoa in Sabah, Malaysia. Results showed that this compound was effective against this pests. Lambdacyhalothrin, applied as fornightly foliar spray using knapsack sprayers, at rates ranging from 14-25 ppm significantly reduced cocoa pod borer damage. Direct crop loss was significantly lower than the untreated control after six to seven rounds of insecticide application. When applied for five rounds in the through crop period through mistblowers, lambadcyhalothrin at 2.5-3.0 g a.i../ha/round also protected the subsequent peak crop. Pod infestation was reduced to below 20 percent and direct crop losses well below 5 percent were recorded. Trial results also showed that huge difference in pod infestation levels existed between pods on the trunk and branches of tall unpruned bushes. This infestation differential was reduced following height reduction and canopy pruning and it was further reduced with the addition of insecticide application including lambdachyhalothrin. This highlighted the importance of such cultural practices to facilitate pod removal and improve spray coverage, resulting in more effective pest control.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Lambdacyhalothrin was effective against cocoa pod borer in trials.
- Taxon
- cocoa
Theobroma cacaoe1 - Treatment
- Lambdacyhalothrine1
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerella
_1412164.jpg?width=60)
Conopomorpha cramerellae1pest - Outcome
- cocoa pod borere1
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_1412164.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that this compound was effective against this pests”
e1“Lambdacyhalothrin was tested in several trials in cocoa for the control of the cocoa pod borer Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fortnightly lambdacyhalothrin spray at 14-25 ppm significantly reduced cocoa pod borer damage.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe0
- Treatment
- Lambdacyhalothrin, applied as fornightly foliar spray using knapsack sprayers, at rates ranging from 14-25 ppme0
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerellaConopomorpha cramerellae1pest
- Outcome
- cocoa pod borer damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lambdacyhalothrin, applied as fornightly foliar spray using knapsack sprayers, at rates ranging from 14-25 ppm significantly reduced cocoa pod borer damage”
e1“Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct cocoa crop loss was significantly lower than untreated control after six or seven insecticide rounds.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe1
- Treatment
- insecticide applicatione0
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerellaConopomorpha cramerellae2pest
- Outcome
- Direct crop losse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- six to seven roundse0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct crop loss was significantly lower than the untreated control after six to seven rounds of insecticide application”
e1“trials in cocoa”
e2“Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
Claim · model-written summary
Five mistblower rounds of lambdacyhalothrin protected the subsequent cocoa peak crop.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe1
- Treatment
- lambadcyhalothrin at 2.5-3.0 g a.i../ha/rounde0
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerellaConopomorpha cramerellae2pest
- Outcome
- subsequent peak crope0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied for five rounds in the through crop period through mistblowers, lambadcyhalothrin at 2.5-3.0 g a.i../ha/round also protected the subsequent peak crop”
e1“trials in cocoa”
e2“Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under that treatment, cocoa pod infestation was below 20 percent.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe1
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerellaConopomorpha cramerellae2pest
- Outcome
- Pod infestatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20 percente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod infestation was reduced to below 20 percent”
e1“trials in cocoa”
e2“Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under that treatment, direct cocoa crop loss was well below 5 percent.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe1
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerellaConopomorpha cramerellae2pest
- Outcome
- direct crop lossese0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Value
- 5 percente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct crop losses well below 5 percent were recorded”
e1“trials in cocoa”
e2“Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod infestation differed greatly between trunk and branch pods on tall unpruned cocoa bushes.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe1
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerellaConopomorpha cramerellae2pest
- Outcome
- pod infestation levelse0
- Direction
- huge differencee0
- Comparator
- pods on the trunk and branchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“huge difference in pod infestation levels existed between pods on the trunk and branches of tall unpruned bushes”
e1“trials in cocoa”
e2“Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
Claim · model-written summary
Height reduction and canopy pruning reduced the trunk-versus-branch infestation differential.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe1
- Treatment
- height reduction and canopy pruninge0
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerellaConopomorpha cramerellae2pest
- Outcome
- infestation differentiale0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This infestation differential was reduced following height reduction and canopy pruning”
e1“trials in cocoa”
e2“Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding insecticide further reduced the cocoa pod infestation differential.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe2
- Treatment
- addition of insecticide application including lambdachyhalothrine0
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerellaConopomorpha cramerellae3pest
- Outcome
- infestation differentiale1
- Direction
- further reducede0
- Comparator
- height reduction and canopy pruninge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was further reduced with the addition of insecticide application including lambdachyhalothrin”
e1“This infestation differential was reduced following height reduction and canopy pruning”
e2“trials in cocoa”
e3“Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend canopy practices to improve pod removal and spray coverage for pest control.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe2
- Interactor
- Conopomorpha cramerellaConopomorpha cramerellae3pest
- Outcome
- height reduction and canopy pruninge1
- Qualifier
- facilitate pod removal and improve spray coveragee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“importance of such cultural practices to facilitate pod removal and improve spray coverage, resulting in more effective pest control”
e1“height reduction and canopy pruning”
e2“trials in cocoa”
e3“Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)”
The same questions in other papers
lambda-cyhalothrin · Conopomorpha cramerella · Theobroma cacao (cocoa)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
pruning · Conopomorpha cramerella · Theobroma cacao (cocoa)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
application · Conopomorpha cramerella · Theobroma cacao (cocoa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.