Abstract
It has been suggested that soil treated with a herbicide and subsequently carried by wind and deposited on plant foliage can cause crop injury. This study compared foliar uptake and translocation of herbicides applied to plants as an aqueous solution or in herbicide-treated soil. Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated with 14 C-labeled thifensulfuron, chlorsulfuron, glyphosate, 2,4-D, and bromoxynil. Significant amounts of all herbicides were absorbed by pea, alfalfa, and grape from the aqueous solutions, whereas very limited absorption occurred from herbicide-treated soil. Prolonged and multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase herbicide uptake. High relative humidity enhanced herbicide absorption from aqueous solutions but not from herbicide-treated soil. All herbicides except bromoxynil were readily translocated in alfalfa, grape, and pea. Limited quantities of herbicides were absorbed from herbicide-treated soil by plant foliage, and this small amount is unlikely to cause crop damage.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Pea absorbed significant amounts of all tested herbicides from aqueous solutions, with very limited absorption from treated soil.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- aqueous solutionse0
- Outcome
- absorptione0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Comparator
- herbicide-treated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant amounts of all herbicides were absorbed by pea, alfalfa, and grape from the aqueous solutions, whereas very limited absorption occurred from herbicide-treated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa absorbed significant amounts of all tested herbicides from aqueous solutions, with very limited absorption from treated soil.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- aqueous solutionse0
- Outcome
- absorptione0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Comparator
- herbicide-treated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant amounts of all herbicides were absorbed by pea, alfalfa, and grape from the aqueous solutions, whereas very limited absorption occurred from herbicide-treated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape absorbed significant amounts of all tested herbicides from aqueous solutions, with very limited absorption from treated soil.
Verbatim
e0“Significant amounts of all herbicides were absorbed by pea, alfalfa, and grape from the aqueous solutions, whereas very limited absorption occurred from herbicide-treated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase uptake in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Prolongede0
- Outcome
- herbicide uptakee0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- herbicide-treated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged and multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase herbicide uptake.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase uptake in grape.
- Taxon
- grapee1
- Treatment
- Prolongede0
- Outcome
- herbicide uptakee0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- herbicide-treated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged and multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase herbicide uptake.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase uptake in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Prolongede0
- Outcome
- herbicide uptakee0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- herbicide-treated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged and multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase herbicide uptake.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase uptake in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soile0
- Outcome
- herbicide uptakee0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged and multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase herbicide uptake.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase uptake in grape.
- Taxon
- grapee1
- Treatment
- multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soile0
- Outcome
- herbicide uptakee0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged and multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase herbicide uptake.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase uptake in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soile0
- Outcome
- herbicide uptakee0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged and multiple exposure to herbicide-treated soil did not increase herbicide uptake.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
High relative humidity enhanced aqueous herbicide absorption in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- High relative humiditye0
- Outcome
- herbicide absorptione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- aqueous solutionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High relative humidity enhanced herbicide absorption from aqueous solutions but not from herbicide-treated soil.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
High relative humidity enhanced aqueous herbicide absorption in grape.
- Taxon
- grapee1
- Treatment
- High relative humiditye0
- Outcome
- herbicide absorptione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- aqueous solutionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High relative humidity enhanced herbicide absorption from aqueous solutions but not from herbicide-treated soil.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
High relative humidity enhanced aqueous herbicide absorption in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- High relative humiditye0
- Outcome
- herbicide absorptione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- aqueous solutionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High relative humidity enhanced herbicide absorption from aqueous solutions but not from herbicide-treated soil.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
High relative humidity did not enhance herbicide absorption from treated soil in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- High relative humiditye0
- Outcome
- herbicide absorptione0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Qualifier
- herbicide-treated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High relative humidity enhanced herbicide absorption from aqueous solutions but not from herbicide-treated soil.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
High relative humidity did not enhance herbicide absorption from treated soil in grape.
- Taxon
- grapee1
- Treatment
- High relative humiditye0
- Outcome
- herbicide absorptione0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Qualifier
- herbicide-treated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High relative humidity enhanced herbicide absorption from aqueous solutions but not from herbicide-treated soil.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
High relative humidity did not enhance herbicide absorption from treated soil in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- High relative humiditye0
- Outcome
- herbicide absorptione0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Qualifier
- herbicide-treated soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High relative humidity enhanced herbicide absorption from aqueous solutions but not from herbicide-treated soil.”
e1“Leaves of 3-wk-old seedling alfalfa, grape, and pea were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested herbicides except bromoxynil were readily translocated in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- readily translocatede0
- Qualifier
- All herbicides except bromoxynile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides except bromoxynil were readily translocated in alfalfa, grape, and pea.”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested herbicides except bromoxynil were readily translocated in grape.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides except bromoxynil were readily translocated in alfalfa, grape, and pea.”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested herbicides except bromoxynil were readily translocated in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- readily translocatede0
- Qualifier
- All herbicides except bromoxynile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicides except bromoxynil were readily translocated in alfalfa, grape, and pea.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the small foliar uptake from herbicide-treated soil is unlikely to cause crop damage.
Verbatim
e0“Limited quantities of herbicides were absorbed from herbicide-treated soil by plant foliage, and this small amount is unlikely to cause crop damage.”
The same questions in other papers
humidity · nutrient: content · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
humidity · nutrient: content · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
herbicide · nutrient: content · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →humidity · nutrient: content · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.