Abstract
The developmental stage of the flower buds of Pharbitis nil, cv, Violet was determined, and the effects of external conditions and exogenous gibberellin A₃ (GA₃) or abscisic acid (ABA) following a single flower-inducing dark period on their development were examined with axillary flower buds formed on the third node which were referred to as the first flower buds and with the terminal flower buds on the main stem. 1. The stage of development of the flower buds was represented by floral scores from 0 (vegetative bud) to 10 (petal unfurling). 2. Under continuous white-light of fluorescent lamps the first and terminal flower buds developed rapidly to the carpel initiation and carpel development, respectively. Thereafter, these flower buds hardly developed. The rate and pattern of development of these flower buds were not affected by the different lengths of the flower-inductive dark periods of 12-, 14- and 16-h, all of which caused the initiation of flower buds. 3. Exposure to short days caused both the first and terminal flower buds to develop further, where development of the formers preceded that of the latters. However, exposure to long days consisting of either continuous light or interruption of the dark period by light, inhibited or retarded the subsequent development of both the first and terminal flower buds, where development of the formers was retarded earlier than that of the latters. 4. The higher the light intensity, the more promoted the early development of both the first and terminal flower buds. 5. At 30℃ the first flower buds ceased their early development. The terminal flower buds reverted earlier to vegetative buds. At 20℃ both the flower buds continued to develop slowly later on. 6. Exogenous GA₃ promoted the early development of the terminal flower buds. However, ABA inhibited the early development of both the first and terminal flower buds. These findings are discussed in relation to development of the lower axillary and terminal flower buds.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Under continuous white light, first flower buds developed rapidly to carpel initiation.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nil
Ipomoea nilt0 - Organ / stage
- firste0
- Treatment
- continuous white-light of fluorescent lampse0
- Outcome
- carpel initiatione0
- Direction
- developed rapidlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under continuous white-light of fluorescent lamps the first and terminal flower buds developed rapidly to the carpel initiation and carpel development, respectively”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Under continuous white light, terminal flower buds developed rapidly to carpel development.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- terminal flower budse0
- Treatment
- continuous white-light of fluorescent lampse0
- Outcome
- carpel developmente0
- Direction
- developed rapidlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under continuous white-light of fluorescent lamps the first and terminal flower buds developed rapidly to the carpel initiation and carpel development, respectively”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
The first and terminal flower buds scarcely developed after carpel initiation and development under continuous white light.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- continuous white-light of fluorescent lampse1
- Outcome
- flower buds hardly developede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thereafter, these flower buds hardly developed”
e1“Under continuous white-light of fluorescent lamps the first and terminal flower buds”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower bud development rate and pattern were unaffected by 12-, 14-, or 16-hour flower-inductive darkness.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- different lengths of the flower-inductive dark periods of 12-, 14- and 16-he0
- Outcome
- rate and pattern of developmente0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate and pattern of development of these flower buds were not affected by the different lengths of the flower-inductive dark periods of 12-, 14- and 16-h”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Short days advanced development of first flower buds.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- firste0
- Treatment
- short dayse0
- Outcome
- flower buds to develop furthere0
- Direction
- develop furthere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to short days caused both the first and terminal flower buds to develop further”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Short days advanced development of terminal flower buds.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- terminal flower budse0
- Treatment
- short dayse0
- Outcome
- flower buds to develop furthere0
- Direction
- develop furthere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to short days caused both the first and terminal flower buds to develop further”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Under short days, first flower buds developed before terminal buds.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- firste1
- Outcome
- development of the formers preceded that of the latterse0
- Comparator
- terminal flower budse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“development of the formers preceded that of the latters”
e1“Exposure to short days caused both the first and terminal flower buds to develop further”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Long days inhibited or retarded development of first flower buds.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- firste0
- Treatment
- long days consisting of either continuous light or interruption of the dark period by lighte0
- Outcome
- subsequent developmente0
- Direction
- inhibited or retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to long days consisting of either continuous light or interruption of the dark period by light, inhibited or retarded the subsequent development of both the first and terminal flower buds”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Long days inhibited or retarded development of terminal flower buds.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- terminal flower budse0
- Treatment
- long days consisting of either continuous light or interruption of the dark period by lighte0
- Outcome
- subsequent developmente0
- Direction
- inhibited or retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to long days consisting of either continuous light or interruption of the dark period by light, inhibited or retarded the subsequent development of both the first and terminal flower buds”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Under long days, first flower bud development was retarded earlier than terminal bud development.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- firste1
- Outcome
- development of the formerse0
- Direction
- retarded earliere0
- Comparator
- terminal flower budse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“development of the formers was retarded earlier than that of the latters”
e1“subsequent development of both the first and terminal flower buds”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher light intensity promoted early development of first and terminal flower buds.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- light intensitye0
- Outcome
- early development of both the first and terminal flower budse0
- Direction
- more promotede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher the light intensity, the more promoted the early development of both the first and terminal flower buds”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30℃, first flower buds ceased early development.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- first flower budse0
- Treatment
- 30℃e0
- Outcome
- ceased their early developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 30℃ the first flower buds ceased their early development”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30℃, terminal flower buds reverted to vegetative buds.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- terminal flower budse0
- Treatment
- 30℃e1
- Outcome
- reverted earlier to vegetative budse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The terminal flower buds reverted earlier to vegetative buds”
e1“At 30℃”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20℃, both flower bud types continued slow later development.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- 20℃e0
- Outcome
- flower buds continued to develop slowly later one0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 20℃ both the flower buds continued to develop slowly later on”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA₃ promoted early terminal flower bud development.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- terminal flower budse0
- Treatment
- Exogenous GA₃e0
- Outcome
- early development of the terminal flower budse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GA₃ promoted the early development of the terminal flower buds”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA inhibited early development of first flower buds.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- firste0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- early developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA inhibited the early development of both the first and terminal flower buds”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA inhibited early development of terminal flower buds.
- Taxon
- Pharbitis nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- terminal flower budse0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- early developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA inhibited the early development of both the first and terminal flower buds”
t0“Pharbitis nil”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- positive
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →(+)-abscisic acid · growth · Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
light · growth · Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.