Abstract
The relatively rapid and extensive corolla expansion in Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth cv. ‘Scarlett O'Hara’ appears to be initiated by a shift in the balance between a growth promoter (gibberellin, GA) and a growth inhibitor (ethylene) two days before anthesis. The effects of applied growth regulators in vitro, were measured as a change in area of segments from whole young corollas 16–17 mm long. Applied gibberellic acid (GA3) strongly promoted growth, while a GA action inhibitor (ancymidol) reduced growth. Inhibitors of GA biosynthesis (AMO-1618, paclobutrazol, tetcyclasis, and chlorocholine chloride) had little effect, implying that the GAs were not being synthesized within the corolla segments, at least at this stage of corolla growth. Both the level of endogenous GAs and response of the segments to sucrose increased as the corolla size also increased from 15 to 20 mm in length. Applied 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC), an ethylene precursor, inhibited the response of corollas to applied GA3. Applications of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors (AVG and cobalt ions) promoted growth of the corolla segments. Rapid ethylene production by corollas 15–17 mm long (48 hr before flower opening) appeared to inhibit the growth that may have been induced by low levels of endogenous GAs. Older corollas (longer than 18 mm) had very low levels of ethylene production and much higher levels of GA-like substances; these changes apparently allow the corollas to begin to expand in vivo and to strongly respond to sucrose applications alone in vitro. Acid-induced growth does not seem to be an important component of corolla expansion; applied fusicoccin (a proton efflux promoter) and sodium orthovanadate (a proton efflux inhibitor) had no significant effect on growth of the 16–17 mm long corollas. Buffers (Good's and phosphate) over a wide pH range had no effect on corolla expansion. Taken together, our results indicate that the regulation of corolla expansion depends (at least in part) on compensatory shifts in the levels of two plant growth regulators [PGRs], ethylene and GA.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Applied gibberellic acid (GA3) strongly promoted growth of corolla segments in vitro.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nil
Ipomoea nilt0 - Treatment
- Applied gibberellic acid (GA3)e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“Applied gibberellic acid (GA3) strongly promoted growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The GA action inhibitor ancymidol reduced growth of corolla segments.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- ancymidole0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“a GA action inhibitor (ancymidol) reduced growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors of GA biosynthesis (AMO-1618, paclobutrazol, tetcyclasis, chlorocholine chloride) had little effect on corolla growth, implying GAs were not synthesized within the corolla segments at this stage.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- Inhibitors of GA biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- corolla growthe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“Inhibitors of GA biosynthesis (AMO-1618, paclobutrazol, tetcyclasis, and chlorocholine chloride) had little effect, implying that the GAs were not being synthesized within the corolla segments, at least at this stage of corolla growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Both the level of endogenous GAs and the response of segments to sucrose increased as corolla size increased from 15 to 20 mm.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- corolla sizee0
- Outcome
- level of endogenous GAs and response of the segments to sucrosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“Both the level of endogenous GAs and response of the segments to sucrose increased as the corolla size also increased from 15 to 20 mm in length”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied ACC, an ethylene precursor, inhibited the response of corollas to applied GA3.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- Applied 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Outcome
- response of corollas to applied GA3e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“Applied 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC), an ethylene precursor, inhibited the response of corollas to applied GA3”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors (AVG and cobalt ions) promoted growth of the corolla segments.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors (AVG and cobalt ions)e0
- Outcome
- growth of the corolla segmentse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“Applications of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors (AVG and cobalt ions) promoted growth of the corolla segments”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid ethylene production by 15-17 mm corollas appeared to inhibit growth that may have been induced by low levels of endogenous GAs.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“Rapid ethylene production by corollas 15–17 mm long (48 hr before flower opening) appeared to inhibit the growth that may have been induced by low levels of endogenous GAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Older corollas (longer than 18 mm) had very low levels of ethylene production.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- Older corollase0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- very lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“Older corollas (longer than 18 mm) had very low levels of ethylene production”
Claim · model-written summary
Older corollas (longer than 18 mm) had much higher levels of GA-like substances.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Outcome
- GA-like substancese0
- Direction
- much highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“much higher levels of GA-like substances”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied fusicoccin (a proton efflux promoter) had no significant effect on growth of the 16-17 mm long corollas.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- 16–17 mm long corollase0
- Treatment
- applied fusicoccin (a proton efflux promoter)e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“applied fusicoccin (a proton efflux promoter) and sodium orthovanadate (a proton efflux inhibitor) had no significant effect on growth of the 16–17 mm long corollas”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied sodium orthovanadate (a proton efflux inhibitor) had no significant effect on growth of the 16-17 mm long corollas.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Organ / stage
- 16–17 mm long corollase0
- Treatment
- sodium orthovanadate (a proton efflux inhibitor)e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“applied fusicoccin (a proton efflux promoter) and sodium orthovanadate (a proton efflux inhibitor) had no significant effect on growth of the 16–17 mm long corollas”
Claim · model-written summary
Buffers over a wide pH range had no effect on corolla expansion.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Treatment
- wide pH rangee0
- Outcome
- corolla expansione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“over a wide pH range had no effect on corolla expansion”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that regulation of corolla expansion depends at least in part on compensatory shifts in the levels of ethylene and GA.
- Taxon
- Ipomoea nilIpomoea nilt0
- Compound
- ethylene and GAe0
- Outcome
- corolla expansione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ipomoea nil”
e0“the regulation of corolla expansion depends (at least in part) on compensatory shifts in the levels of two plant growth regulators [PGRs], ethylene and GA”
The same questions in other papers
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · molecular: metabolites · Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ethene · growth · Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Gibberellic acid · growth · Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →fusicoccin · growth · Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
gibberellin A3 · growth · Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
ancymidol · growth · Ipomoea nil (Japanese morning glory)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.