Abstract
It is known that polyamines (PAs) including spermine (Spm) enhance the abiotic stress tolerance of crops. Here, the effects of hydroponic Spm pre-treatment on the amelioration of the adverse effects of salinity were investigated in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) that is an economically important horticultural crop and sensitive to salinity, especially at the establishment stage. For this purpose, 10-day-old, uniform-sized seedlings were transplanted to plastic containers containing Hoagland nutrient solution. Spm was added at 0.1 and 1 mM to the hydroponic medium for 5 days before stress. The plants were treated with 40 and 80 mM NaCl for inducing salinity stress. Salt stress reduced the plant growth and potassium content in roots, and these detrimental effects were alleviated when plants were pre-treated with Spm. Salinity stress caused a significant increase in sodium and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) content when compared with controls. Spm pre-treatment ameliorated these salinity stress effects by increasing sodium content of root and leaves GABA content. Expression analysis of two sodium transporter genes, salt overly sensitive1 (SOS1) and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHX1) revealed that their expression was differentially induced in roots of plants treated either with salinity or Spm. These results suggest that Spm via the overexpression of the NHX1 gene substantially increased the tolerance to stress by sequestering excess Na+ into the vacuoles and sustaining a better cellular environment. Moreover, Spm has potential to scavenge directly free radical and to alleviate growth inhibition and promote the activity of antioxidant system enzymes in pumpkin seedlings under salt stress.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced pumpkin growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced the plant growth and potassium content in roots”
e1“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced root potassium content.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced the plant growth and potassium content in roots”
e1“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine pretreatment alleviated salt-induced growth reduction.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“these detrimental effects were alleviated when plants were pre-treated with Spm”
e1“Salt stress reduced the plant growth and potassium content in roots”
e2“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine pretreatment alleviated salt-induced root potassium reduction.
- Taxon
- pumpkine2
- Treatment
- pre-treated with Spme0
- Outcome
- potassium content in rootse1
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“these detrimental effects were alleviated when plants were pre-treated with Spm”
e1“Salt stress reduced the plant growth and potassium content in roots”
e2“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased sodium content relative to controls.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress caused a significant increase in sodium and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) content when compared with controls”
e1“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly increased GABA content relative to controls.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress caused a significant increase in sodium and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) content when compared with controls”
e1“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine pretreatment increased root sodium content under salinity.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Spm pre-treatment ameliorated these salinity stress effects by increasing sodium content of root and leaves GABA content”
e1“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine pretreatment increased leaf GABA content under salinity.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Spm pre-treatment ameliorated these salinity stress effects by increasing sodium content of root and leaves GABA content”
e1“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt or spermine treatment differentially induced root SOS1 expression.
- Taxon
- pumpkine1
- Treatment
- salinity or Spme0
- Gene
- salt overly sensitive1 (SOS1)e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- differentially inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Expression analysis of two sodium transporter genes, salt overly sensitive1 (SOS1) and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHX1) revealed that their expression was differentially induced in roots of plants treated either with salinity or Spm”
e1“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt or spermine treatment differentially induced root NHX1 expression.
- Taxon
- pumpkine1
- Treatment
- salinity or Spme0
- Gene
- Na+/H+ exchanger (NHX1)e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- differentially inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Expression analysis of two sodium transporter genes, salt overly sensitive1 (SOS1) and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHX1) revealed that their expression was differentially induced in roots of plants treated either with salinity or Spm”
e1“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest spermine improves salt tolerance through NHX1 overexpression and excess Na+ sequestration.
Verbatim
e0“Spm via the overexpression of the NHX1 gene substantially increased the tolerance to stress by sequestering excess Na+ into the vacuoles”
e1“pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest spermine can scavenge free radicals under salt stress.
Verbatim
e0“Spm has potential to scavenge directly free radical”
e1“pumpkin seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest spermine can alleviate growth inhibition under salt stress.
Verbatim
e0“Spm has potential to scavenge directly free radical and to alleviate growth inhibition and promote the activity of antioxidant system enzymes in pumpkin seedlings under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest spermine can promote antioxidant enzyme activity under salt stress.
Verbatim
e0“Spm has potential to scavenge directly free radical and to alleviate growth inhibition and promote the activity of antioxidant system enzymes in pumpkin seedlings under salt stress”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · molecular: metabolites · Cucurbita (pumpkins)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
salinity · nutrient: content · Cucurbita (pumpkins)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · growth · Cucurbita (pumpkins)Results agree
14 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.