Abstract
Dicamba and 2,4-D, which are used prior to seeding in conservation tillage systems, were applied in late fall and early spring to determine their residual effect on subsequent spring-seeded crops. The herbicides 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate, applied 0 or 15 d prior to spring seeding, damaged canola, peas, lentils, and alfalfa. The legumes were damaged by spring-applied dicamba. There was also a slight reduction in the total dry matter yield of wheat and barley by 2,4-D applied in spring prior to seeding. All crops tested, except lentils, were tolerant of recommended fall applications of 2,4-D for the control of winter annual flixweed and field pennycress.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Spring seeding of canola after 2,4-D ester or 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate applied 0 or 15 d beforehand resulted in crop damage.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse1 - Treatment
- 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate, applied 0 or 15 d prior to spring seedinge0
- Outcome
- damagede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate, applied 0 or 15 d prior to spring seeding, damaged”
e1“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring seeding of peas after 2,4-D ester or 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate applied 0 or 15 d beforehand resulted in crop damage.
- Taxon
- peas
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate, applied 0 or 15 d prior to spring seedinge0
- Outcome
- damagede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate, applied 0 or 15 d prior to spring seeding, damaged”
e1“peas”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring seeding of lentils after 2,4-D ester or 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate applied 0 or 15 d beforehand resulted in crop damage.
- Taxon
- lentils
Lens culinarise1 - Treatment
- 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate, applied 0 or 15 d prior to spring seedinge0
- Outcome
- damagede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate, applied 0 or 15 d prior to spring seeding, damaged”
e1“lentils, and”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring seeding of alfalfa after 2,4-D ester or 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate applied 0 or 15 d beforehand resulted in crop damage.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate, applied 0 or 15 d prior to spring seedinge0
- Outcome
- damagede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine with dicamba or glyphosate, applied 0 or 15 d prior to spring seeding, damaged”
e1“and alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring-applied dicamba damaged the legume crops.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The legumes were damaged by spring-applied dicamba”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter yield of wheat was slightly reduced by 2,4-D applied in spring prior to seeding.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in spring prior to seedinge0
- Outcome
- total dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- slight reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a slight reduction in the total dry matter yield of wheat and barley by 2,4-D applied in spring prior to seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter yield of barley was slightly reduced by 2,4-D applied in spring prior to seeding.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- 2,4-D applied in spring prior to seedinge0
- Outcome
- total dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- slight reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a slight reduction in the total dry matter yield of wheat and barley by 2,4-D applied in spring prior to seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
All crops tested except lentils were tolerant of recommended fall applications of 2,4-D used to control winter annual flixweed and field pennycress.
- Taxon
- All crops testede0
- Treatment
- recommended fall applications of 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- winter annual flixweede0weed
- Second interactor
- field pennycress
_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_2020-04-12.jpg?width=60)
Thlaspi arvensee0weed - Outcome
- tolerante0
- Qualifier
- except lentilse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_2020-04-12.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“All crops tested, except lentils, were tolerant of recommended fall applications of 2,4-D for the control of winter annual flixweed and field pennycress”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →2,4-D · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 78 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.