Abstract
Foliar and fruit application of mineral particle films is considered to reduce damage from heat and water stress significantly in many horticultural crops. Sprays with new formulations consisting of suspensions of calcium carbonate can have beneficial effects on vegetable crops, including tomato. We assessed the effects of a calcium carbonate suspension on physiology, yield and some quality aspects of a tomato crop under three levels of deficit irrigation (I50, moderate; I25, moderate–severe; I0, severe) in the semi-arid climate of eastern Sicily. Leaf transpiration was significantly reduced by 47% (late June) and 58% (early July) in plants treated with the suspension. Late in the growing season, sprayed leaves were ~1°C cooler than unsprayed (control) leaves. Spray treatment resulted in a higher marketable yield (+12%) than the control under I50, and fruit quality was significantly improved under I0. Treated tomatoes exhibited better firmness (+24%), higher contents of vitamin C (+15%) and total phenols (+12%), and higher antioxidant activity (5–7%) than untreated tomatoes. Application of calcium carbonate minimised fruit losses under I50 while ensuring great water saving and improving the nutraceutical properties of fruits. These aspects make the technology an environmentally friendly tool to improve crop sustainability and nutritional quality in tomato.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium carbonate spray reduced leaf transpiration by 47% in late June.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- suspensione0
- Outcome
- Leaf transpiratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 47%e0
- Qualifier
- late Junee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf transpiration was significantly reduced by 47% (late June) and 58% (early July) in plants treated with the suspension.”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium carbonate spray reduced leaf transpiration by 58% in early July.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- suspensione0
- Outcome
- Leaf transpiratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 58%e0
- Qualifier
- early Julye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf transpiration was significantly reduced by 47% (late June) and 58% (early July) in plants treated with the suspension.”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed leaves were about 1°C cooler than unsprayed leaves late in the season.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- sprayede0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- coolere0
- Value
- ~1°Ce0
- Qualifier
- Late in the growing seasone0
- Comparator
- unsprayed (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late in the growing season, sprayed leaves were ~1°C cooler than unsprayed (control) leaves.”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray treatment increased marketable yield by 12% relative to control under I50.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Spray treatmente0
- Outcome
- marketable yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +12%e0
- Qualifier
- I50e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray treatment resulted in a higher marketable yield (+12%) than the control under I50, and fruit quality was significantly improved under I0.”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray treatment improved fruit quality under I0.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Spray treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- I0e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray treatment resulted in a higher marketable yield (+12%) than the control under I50, and fruit quality was significantly improved under I0.”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated tomatoes had better firmness by +24% than untreated tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Treatede0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- +24%e0
- Comparator
- untreated tomatoese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated tomatoes exhibited better firmness (+24%), higher contents of vitamin C (+15%) and total phenols (+12%), and higher antioxidant activity (5–7%) than untreated tomatoes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated tomatoes had higher contents of vitamin C by +15% than untreated tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Treatede0
- Outcome
- contents of vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +15%e0
- Comparator
- untreated tomatoese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated tomatoes exhibited better firmness (+24%), higher contents of vitamin C (+15%) and total phenols (+12%), and higher antioxidant activity (5–7%) than untreated tomatoes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated tomatoes had higher total phenols by +12% than untreated tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Treatede0
- Outcome
- total phenolse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +12%e0
- Comparator
- untreated tomatoese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated tomatoes exhibited better firmness (+24%), higher contents of vitamin C (+15%) and total phenols (+12%), and higher antioxidant activity (5–7%) than untreated tomatoes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated tomatoes had higher antioxidant activity by 5–7% than untreated tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Treatede0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5–7%e0
- Comparator
- untreated tomatoese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated tomatoes exhibited better firmness (+24%), higher contents of vitamin C (+15%) and total phenols (+12%), and higher antioxidant activity (5–7%) than untreated tomatoes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium carbonate minimized fruit losses under I50.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Application of calcium carbonatee0
- Outcome
- fruit lossese0
- Direction
- minimisede0
- Qualifier
- I50e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of calcium carbonate minimised fruit losses under I50 while ensuring great water saving and improving the nutraceutical properties of fruits.”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium carbonate application provided water saving.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Application of calcium carbonatee0
- Outcome
- water savinge0
- Direction
- greate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of calcium carbonate minimised fruit losses under I50 while ensuring great water saving and improving the nutraceutical properties of fruits.”
t0“tomatoes”
The same questions in other papers
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50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
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See all 61 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.