Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea and molasses addition on physical properties, pH, temperature, dry matter loss and chemical composition of sugarcane top (SCT) silage. Treatments were arranged as 2*4 factorial, with two SCT types (green and burnt) and four silage treatment types (without additive, 4% molasses, 1% urea and 1% urea + 4% molasses) in a completely randomized design. Forages were chopped into 2 to 3 cm, treated with the additives and ensiled in 1.09 L mini silos for 45 days. The best average score values for smell, color, texture, mold appearance and pH was noted in silages made without additive or with molasses. The desirable pH (3.7 to 5.0) was obtained in all silages, except in green SCT ensiled with urea-based additives, while lower (P<0.0319) total dry matter loss (2.31%) and temperature (26ËšC) were noted in green SCT ensiled with molasses alone. Silage protein content increased (P<0.0001) with urea addition, but not (P>0.05) with molasses alone. Fiber fractions (NDF, ADF and ADL) of burnt SCT were not affected (P>0.05) by additives, while NDF increased with urea based additives and ADF decreased with molasses based additives in green SCT silage. The highest (P<0.0001) in vitro dry matter digestibility (53.68%), organic matter digestibility (48.34%) and metabolizable energy (7.74 MJ/kg DM) content were observed contained in burnt SCT silage treated with urea-molasses mix, whereas a significant reduction (P<0.0001) in non-fiber carbohydrate content was observed in green SCT ensiled with urea (8.4%) and urea + molasses (1.65%). In conclusion, both burnt and green SCT can be adequately fermented and preserved as silage without additive; however silage nutritive value, particularly of burnt SCT can be further enhanced by ensiling with urea and molasses. Key words: Sugarcane top, molasses, urea, silage.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Silages made without additive or with molasses had the best scores for smell, color and texture.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarumt0 - Treatment
- without additive or with molassese1
- Outcome
- smell, color, texturee1
- Direction
- beste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e1“The best average score values for smell, color, texture, mold appearance and pH was noted in silages made without additive or with molasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Silages made without additive or with molasses had the best scores for mold appearance and pH.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Treatment
- without additive or with molassese1
- Outcome
- mold appearance and pHe1
- Direction
- beste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e1“The best average score values for smell, color, texture, mold appearance and pH was noted in silages made without additive or with molasses”
Claim · model-written summary
The desirable pH of 3.7 to 5.0 was obtained in all sugarcane top silages except green SCT ensiled with urea-based additives.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- green SCTe2
- Outcome
- desirable pH (3.7 to 5.0)e2
- Value
- 3.7 to 5.0e2
- Qualifier
- except in green SCT ensiled with urea-based additivese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e2“The desirable pH (3.7 to 5.0) was obtained in all silages, except in green SCT ensiled with urea-based additives”
Claim · model-written summary
Green SCT ensiled with molasses alone had lower total dry matter loss (2.31%).
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- green SCTe3
- Treatment
- molasses alonee3
- Outcome
- total dry matter losse3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 2.31%e3
- Qualifier
- P<0.0319e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e3“while lower (P<0.0319) total dry matter loss (2.31%) and temperature (26ËšC) were noted in green SCT ensiled with molasses alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Green SCT ensiled with molasses alone had lower silage temperature (26ËšC).
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- green SCTe3
- Treatment
- molasses alonee3
- Outcome
- temperaturee3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 26ËšCe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e3“while lower (P<0.0319) total dry matter loss (2.31%) and temperature (26ËšC) were noted in green SCT ensiled with molasses alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage protein content increased with urea addition (P<0.0001).
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Treatment
- urea additione4
- Outcome
- Silage protein contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- P<0.0001e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e4“Silage protein content increased (P<0.0001) with urea addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage protein content was not changed by molasses alone (P>0.05).
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Treatment
- molasses alonee5
- Outcome
- Silage protein contente4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- P>0.05e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e4“Silage protein content increased (P<0.0001) with urea addition”
e5“but not (P>0.05) with molasses alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Fiber fractions (NDF, ADF and ADL) of burnt SCT were not affected by additives (P>0.05).
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- burnt SCTe6
- Treatment
- additivese6
- Outcome
- Fiber fractions (NDF, ADF and ADL)e6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Qualifier
- P>0.05e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e6“Fiber fractions (NDF, ADF and ADL) of burnt SCT were not affected (P>0.05) by additives”
Claim · model-written summary
NDF increased in green SCT silage with urea based additives.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- green SCTe7
- Treatment
- urea based additivese7
- Outcome
- NDFe7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e7“while NDF increased with urea based additives and ADF decreased with molasses based additives in green SCT silage”
Claim · model-written summary
ADF decreased in green SCT silage with molasses based additives.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- green SCTe7
- Treatment
- molasses based additivese7
- Outcome
- ADFe7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e7“while NDF increased with urea based additives and ADF decreased with molasses based additives in green SCT silage”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro dry matter digestibility was highest (53.68%) in burnt SCT silage treated with the urea-molasses mix.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- burnt SCTe1
- Treatment
- urea-molasses mixe1
- Outcome
- in vitro dry matter digestibilitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 53.68%e1
- Qualifier
- P<0.0001e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e1“The highest (P<0.0001) in vitro dry matter digestibility (53.68%), organic matter digestibility (48.34%) and metabolizable energy (7.74 MJ/kg DM) content were observed contained in burnt SCT silage treated with urea-molasses mix”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic matter digestibility was highest (48.34%) in burnt SCT silage treated with the urea-molasses mix.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- burnt SCTe1
- Treatment
- urea-molasses mixe1
- Outcome
- organic matter digestibilitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 48.34%e1
- Qualifier
- P<0.0001e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e1“The highest (P<0.0001) in vitro dry matter digestibility (53.68%), organic matter digestibility (48.34%) and metabolizable energy (7.74 MJ/kg DM) content were observed contained in burnt SCT silage treated with urea-molasses mix”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolizable energy was highest (7.74 MJ/kg DM) in burnt SCT silage treated with the urea-molasses mix.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- burnt SCTe1
- Treatment
- urea-molasses mixe1
- Outcome
- metabolizable energye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 7.74 MJ/kg DMe1
- Qualifier
- P<0.0001e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e1“The highest (P<0.0001) in vitro dry matter digestibility (53.68%), organic matter digestibility (48.34%) and metabolizable energy (7.74 MJ/kg DM) content were observed contained in burnt SCT silage treated with urea-molasses mix”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-fiber carbohydrate content was significantly reduced in green SCT ensiled with urea (8.4%).
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- green SCTe1
- Treatment
- ureae1
- Outcome
- non-fiber carbohydrate contente1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 8.4%e1
- Qualifier
- P<0.0001e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e1“a significant reduction (P<0.0001) in non-fiber carbohydrate content was observed in green SCT ensiled with urea (8.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-fiber carbohydrate content was significantly reduced in green SCT ensiled with urea + molasses (1.65%).
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- green SCTe1
- Treatment
- urea + molassese2
- Outcome
- non-fiber carbohydrate contente1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 1.65%e2
- Qualifier
- P<0.0001e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e1“a significant reduction (P<0.0001) in non-fiber carbohydrate content was observed in green SCT ensiled with urea (8.4%)”
e2“urea + molasses (1.65%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both burnt and green SCT can be adequately fermented and preserved as silage without additive.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- burnt and green SCTe1
- Treatment
- without additivee1
- Outcome
- adequately fermented and preservede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e1“both burnt and green SCT can be adequately fermented and preserved as silage without additive”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage nutritive value of burnt SCT can be further enhanced by ensiling with urea and molasses.
- Taxon
- Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarumt0
- Organ / stage
- burnt SCTe1
- Treatment
- ensiling with urea and molassese1
- Outcome
- silage nutritive valuee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) top ensiled with or without urea and molasses”
e1“however silage nutritive value, particularly of burnt SCT can be further enhanced by ensiling with urea and molasses”
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