Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate, in a marginal semi-arid Mediterranean agro-ecosystem (Sicily-Italy), the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and raw olive mill wastewater (OMW) (40 and 80 m3 ha−1) on forage (durum wheat-snail medick intercropping) yield, and grain production of broad bean and chickpea. AMF inoculation significantly increased (+13.6%) forage dry biomass and durum wheat nitrogen (+22.8%) and phosphorus (+32.5%) uptake. AMF inoculation, significantly promoted broad bean phosphorus uptake (+11.5%) and root nodule number (+13.9%) in the absence of OMW. OMW spreading reduced weeds in the forage (−31.3%), root nodule number (−29.7%) and dry weight (−22.7%) in broad bean. OMW also significantly increased snail medick dry biomass (+19.3%) as compared to control treatments (0, 40 and 80 m3 H2O ha−1, average production 361 g m−2), and broad bean grain yield with a production of 2.46 ± 0.12 and 1.94 ± 0.09 Mg ha−1 with and without OMW, respectively. During the experiment AMF colonization was not affected by OMW volumes. The results obtained showed that in a marginal Mediterranean agro-ecosystem: 1) OMW, notwithstanding spreading volumes, is a valuable amendment to maximize legume yield while 2) AMF inoculation is a valuable practice to improve biomass production and N and P uptake in wheat.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased forage dry biomass by 13.6%.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- forage dry biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation significantly increased (+13.6%) forage dry biomass and durum wheat nitrogen (+22.8%) and phosphorus (+32.5%) uptake.”
t0“forage (durum wheat-snail medick intercropping)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased durum wheat nitrogen uptake by 22.8%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation significantly increased (+13.6%) forage dry biomass and durum wheat nitrogen (+22.8%) and phosphorus (+32.5%) uptake.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased durum wheat phosphorus uptake by 32.5%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation significantly increased (+13.6%) forage dry biomass and durum wheat nitrogen (+22.8%) and phosphorus (+32.5%) uptake.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased broad bean phosphorus uptake by 11.5% without OMW.
- Taxon
- broad bean
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptakee0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 11.5%e0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of OMWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation, significantly promoted broad bean phosphorus uptake (+11.5%) and root nodule number (+13.9%) in the absence of OMW.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased broad bean root nodule number by 13.9% without OMW.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root nodule numbere0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 13.9%e0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of OMWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation, significantly promoted broad bean phosphorus uptake (+11.5%) and root nodule number (+13.9%) in the absence of OMW.”
Claim · model-written summary
OMW spreading reduced weeds in forage by 31.3%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- OMW spreadinge0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weeds in the foragee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- −31.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OMW spreading reduced weeds in the forage (−31.3%), root nodule number (−29.7%) and dry weight (−22.7%) in broad bean.”
t0“forage (durum wheat-snail medick intercropping)”
Claim · model-written summary
OMW spreading reduced broad bean root nodule number by −29.7%.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- OMW spreadinge0
- Outcome
- root nodule numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- −29.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OMW spreading reduced weeds in the forage (−31.3%), root nodule number (−29.7%) and dry weight (−22.7%) in broad bean.”
Claim · model-written summary
OMW spreading reduced broad bean dry weight by −22.7%.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- OMW spreadinge0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- −22.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OMW spreading reduced weeds in the forage (−31.3%), root nodule number (−29.7%) and dry weight (−22.7%) in broad bean.”
Claim · model-written summary
OMW increased snail medick dry biomass by 19.3%.
Verbatim
e0“OMW also significantly increased snail medick dry biomass (+19.3%) as compared to control treatments (0, 40 and 80 m3 H2O ha−1, average production 361 g m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
OMW increased broad bean grain yield to 2.46 ± 0.12 Mg ha−1 from 1.94 ± 0.09 Mg ha−1.
- Taxon
- broad beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- OMWe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 2.46 ± 0.12e0
- Qualifier
- 1.94 ± 0.09 Mg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- without OMWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broad bean grain yield with a production of 2.46 ± 0.12 and 1.94 ± 0.09 Mg ha−1 with and without OMW, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
OMW volume did not affect AMF colonization.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- OMW volumese0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonizatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the experiment AMF colonization was not affected by OMW volumes.”
t0“forage (durum wheat-snail medick intercropping)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend OMW as an amendment to maximize legume yield.
Verbatim
e0“OMW, notwithstanding spreading volumes, is a valuable amendment to maximize legume yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend AMF inoculation to improve wheat biomass and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- improve biomass production and N and P uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation is a valuable practice to improve biomass production and N and P uptake in wheat.”
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See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.