Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. has been considered as a potential source of biodiesel feedstock due to its highly seed oil content. However, Jatropha exhibits low numbers of female flowers leading to insufficient seed yields for biodiesel production. Previous studies showed that application of 6-benzyladenine (BA) on Jatropha flower buds significantly increased female flower numbers and seed yield. However, the underlining molecular mechanism remained unclear. In this study, 160 mg/L of BA was applied on the Jatropha flower buds. As a result, BA significantly increased female flowers, male flowers, and seed yield ( P < 0.05). BA also affected the inflorescences area, number and length of pedicel, all of which were appreciably greater than control ( P < 0.05). The effect of BA to flower bud development was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). SEM revealed that the stages of floral development between control and BA-treatment were similar indicating that BA might affect floral development at the transcriptomic level. Flower buds at 0, 4, and 24 h were selected based on the presence of sex organs for genes involved in flower development investigation. The expression analysis of 23 genes showed that CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE5 ( JcCKX5 ) was highly expressed at the transition stage ( P < 0.05) subsequently enhanced the inflorescences area, increased organogenic capacity and ovule primordia formation. Moreover, application of BA increased the expression of SUPERMAN ( JcSUP ) and decreased the expression of TASSELSEED2 ( JcTS2 ) during sex organs differentiated stage. Therefore, JcSUP might play a role in female flower formation parallel with arrested stamen formation through the down-regulation of JcTS2 .
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased female flower numbers.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.
_tree_at_Samedha.jpg?width=60)
Jatropha curcase1 - Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- female flowerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_tree_at_Samedha.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“BA significantly increased female flowers, male flowers, and seed yield ( P < 0.05)”
e1“Jatropha curcas L.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased male flower numbers.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase1
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- male flowerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA significantly increased female flowers, male flowers, and seed yield ( P < 0.05)”
e1“Jatropha curcas L.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased seed yield.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase1
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA significantly increased female flowers, male flowers, and seed yield ( P < 0.05)”
e1“Jatropha curcas L.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased inflorescence area, pedicel number and pedicel length relative to control.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase1
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- inflorescences area, number and length of pedicele0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA also affected the inflorescences area, number and length of pedicel, all of which were appreciably greater than control ( P < 0.05)”
e1“Jatropha curcas L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Control and BA-treated flower buds had similar floral developmental stages.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase1
- Treatment
- BA-treatmente0
- Outcome
- stages of floral developmente0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stages of floral development between control and BA-treatment were similar”
e1“Jatropha curcas L.”
Claim · model-written summary
JcCKX5 was highly expressed at the transition stage.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase1
- Organ / stage
- transition stagee0
- Gene
- JcCKX5e0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JcCKX5 ) was highly expressed at the transition stage ( P < 0.05)”
e1“Jatropha curcas L.”
Claim · model-written summary
JcCKX5 expression was linked by the authors to enhanced inflorescence area, organogenic capacity and ovule primordia formation.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase2
- Gene
- JcCKX5e1
- Outcome
- inflorescences area, increased organogenic capacity and ovule primordia formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsequently enhanced the inflorescences area, increased organogenic capacity and ovule primordia formation”
e1“JcCKX5 ) was highly expressed at the transition stage”
e2“Jatropha curcas L.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased JcSUP expression during sex organ differentiation.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase1
- Organ / stage
- sex organs differentiated stagee0
- Treatment
- application of BAe0
- Gene
- JcSUPe0
- Outcome
- expression of SUPERMANe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of BA increased the expression of SUPERMAN ( JcSUP ) and decreased the expression of TASSELSEED2 ( JcTS2 ) during sex organs differentiated stage”
e1“Jatropha curcas L.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA decreased JcTS2 expression during sex organ differentiation.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase1
- Organ / stage
- sex organs differentiated stagee0
- Treatment
- application of BAe0
- Gene
- JcTS2e0
- Outcome
- expression of TASSELSEED2e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of BA increased the expression of SUPERMAN ( JcSUP ) and decreased the expression of TASSELSEED2 ( JcTS2 ) during sex organs differentiated stage”
e1“Jatropha curcas L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that JcSUP promotes female flower formation alongside stamen arrest through JcTS2 down-regulation.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase1
- Gene
- JcSUPe0
- Outcome
- female flower formation parallel with arrested stamen formatione0
- Qualifier
- down-regulation of JcTS2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JcSUP might play a role in female flower formation parallel with arrested stamen formation through the down-regulation of JcTS2”
e1“Jatropha curcas L.”
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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N-benzyladenine · phenology · Jatropha curcasResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.