Abstract
Plant signaling mechanisms are not completely understood in plant-fungal biotrophic pathogen interactions. Further how such interactions are influenced by compatible rhizosphere microbes are also not well-studied. Therefore, we explored the pea-Erysiphe pisi (obligate biotroph) system to understand the interaction and applied compatible rhizospheric bio-agents Trichoderma asperellum (T42) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (OKC) singly or in combination to assess their influence on the host while under the pathogen challenge. Transcript accumulation pattern of some vital genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in pea under E. pisi challenge indicated enhanced activation of the pathway. Interestingly, transcript accumulations were even higher in the bio-agent treated plants compared to untreated plants after pathogen inoculation particularly in co-inoculated treatments. Further, down regulation of the lignifications-associated ABC transporter gene in the pathogen challenged plants possibly is an indication of passive diffusion of monolignols across the membrane from symplast. Additionally, up regulation of NADPH oxidase gene revealed ROS generation in the challenged plants which was confirmed through spectrophotometric estimation of H2O2. Up regulation of laccase and peroxidase along with higher H2O2 generation points out their involvement in lignifications which was further confirmed through cross section analysis of pea stems that showed increased lignifications in pathogen challenged plants co-inoculated with the bioagents. Interestingly, pathogen responsive MAPK homologs MAPK3/MAPK6 and the enzyme serine threonine kinase that activates MAPKs were down regulated and the results possibly indicate non-participation of the MAPK cascade in this interaction. Therefore, it can be concluded that the microbial treatments enhanced pea resistance to E. pisi by generation of ROS and lignifications.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
E. pisi challenge enhanced transcription of pea lignin biosynthetic pathway genes.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- E. pisi challengee0
- Interactor
- E. pisi
.jpg?width=60)
Erysiphe pisie0pathogen - Outcome
- Transcript accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Transcript accumulation pattern of some vital genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in pea under E. pisi challenge indicated enhanced activation of the pathway.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioagent treatment further increased defense transcript accumulation relative to untreated pea plants after pathogen inoculation.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- bio-agent treatede0
- Interactor
- E. pisiErysiphe pisie1pathogen
- Outcome
- transcript accumulationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcript accumulations were even higher in the bio-agent treated plants compared to untreated plants after pathogen inoculation”
e1“E. pisi challenge”
t0“pea-Erysiphe pisi”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined bioagent treatment produced particularly high transcript accumulation.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- transcript accumulationse1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“particularly in co-inoculated treatments”
e1“transcript accumulations were even higher”
t0“pea-Erysiphe pisi”
Claim · model-written summary
The lignification-associated ABC transporter gene was downregulated in pathogen-challenged pea plants.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- E. pisiErysiphe pisie1pathogen
- Gene
- ABC transporter genee0
- Outcome
- down regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“down regulation of the lignifications-associated ABC transporter gene in the pathogen challenged plants”
e1“E. pisi challenge”
t0“pea-Erysiphe pisi”
Claim · model-written summary
NADPH oxidase was upregulated in challenged pea plants.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- E. pisiErysiphe pisie1pathogen
- Gene
- NADPH oxidase genee0
- Outcome
- up regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up regulation of NADPH oxidase gene revealed ROS generation in the challenged plants”
e1“E. pisi challenge”
t0“pea-Erysiphe pisi”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 generation was confirmed spectrophotometrically in challenged pea plants.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- E. pisiErysiphe pisie1pathogen
- Outcome
- H2O2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROS generation in the challenged plants which was confirmed through spectrophotometric estimation of H2O2”
e1“E. pisi challenge”
t0“pea-Erysiphe pisi”
Claim · model-written summary
Laccase and peroxidase were upregulated in challenged pea plants.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Gene
- laccase and peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- Up regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Up regulation of laccase and peroxidase”
t0“pea-Erysiphe pisi”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem lignification increased in pathogen-challenged pea plants coinoculated with bioagents.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with the bioagentse0
- Interactor
- E. pisiErysiphe pisie1pathogen
- Outcome
- lignificationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pea stems that showed increased lignifications in pathogen challenged plants co-inoculated with the bioagents”
e1“E. pisi challenge”
t0“pea-Erysiphe pisi”
Claim · model-written summary
MAPK3/MAPK6 and their activating serine threonine kinase were downregulated in challenged pea plants.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Gene
- MAPK3/MAPK6e0
- Outcome
- down regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MAPK homologs MAPK3/MAPK6 and the enzyme serine threonine kinase that activates MAPKs were down regulated”
t0“pea-Erysiphe pisi”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that microbial treatments enhanced pea resistance to E. pisi through ROS generation and lignification.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- microbial treatmentse0
- Interactor
- E. pisiErysiphe pisie0pathogen
- Outcome
- pea resistance to E. pisie0
- Qualifier
- generation of ROS and lignificationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the microbial treatments enhanced pea resistance to E. pisi by generation of ROS and lignifications”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.