Abstract
Background and Objective: Strawberry plants are threatened by root and crown rot diseases during nursery stage and under field conditions leading to substantial losses in production. This investigation aimed to control root and crown rot of strawberry plants in nursery and field using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and humic acid as alternative means to fungicides. The experiments were carried out for two seasons in naturally infested nursery and field in Al-Qalyubia governorate, Egypt. Methodology: Humic acid and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) (a mixture of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus diaphanous and R. intraradices), singly and in combination were used to control root and crown rot in nursery and field. The effect of treatments on disease severity and different growth parameters was investigated in addition to the effect of treatments on sugar content, phenols and firmness of the fruits. Occupation of roots by AMF was also examined in the different treatments. Results: The AMF and humic acid significantly reduced the disease severity in both nursery and field. The combined treatment of AMF and humic acid in the nursery did not improve their efficiency in reducing disease severity compared to the single treatments with either one, while in the field the combined treatment of AMF and humic acid improved their efficiency in reducing disease severity compared to single treatments. However, results revealed that the root occupation with AMF was reduced by adding humic acid to treatments. The dual effect of humic acid and AMF was clear in increasing both early, total yield and healthy seedlings production in the nursery. The AMF was the most effective treatment in increasing sugar content of the fruits. Data also revealed the lack of correlation between disease severity and each of total and free phenols.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
AMF and humic acid significantly reduced strawberry root and crown rot severity in the nursery and field.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- AMF and humic acide1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- nursery and fielde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Crown Rot of Strawberry”
e1“The AMF and humic acid significantly reduced the disease severity in both nursery and field”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and humic acid improved control of strawberry root and crown rot in the field compared with single treatments.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- combined treatment of AMF and humic acide1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- efficiency in reducing disease severitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- single treatmentse1
- Setting
- fielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crown Rot of Strawberry”
e1“while in the field the combined treatment of AMF and humic acid improved their efficiency in reducing disease severity compared to single treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and humic acid did not improve control of strawberry root and crown rot in the nursery compared with single treatments.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- combined treatment of AMF and humic acide1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- efficiency in reducing disease severitye1
- Direction
- did not improvee1
- Comparator
- single treatmentse1
- Setting
- nurserye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crown Rot of Strawberry”
e1“The combined treatment of AMF and humic acid in the nursery did not improve their efficiency in reducing disease severity compared to the single treatments with either one”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding humic acid reduced root occupation by AMF in strawberry.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- adding humic acide1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- root occupation with AMFe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crown Rot of Strawberry”
e1“However, results revealed that the root occupation with AMF was reduced by adding humic acid to treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid and AMF together increased early yield, total yield and healthy seedling production in the nursery.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- humic acid and AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- early, total yield and healthy seedlings productione1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Setting
- nurserye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crown Rot of Strawberry”
e1“The dual effect of humic acid and AMF was clear in increasing both early, total yield and healthy seedlings production in the nursery”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF was the most effective treatment for increasing sugar content of strawberry fruits.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse1
- Treatment
- AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- sugar content of the fruitse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crown Rot of Strawberry”
e1“The AMF was the most effective treatment in increasing sugar content of the fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity showed a lack of correlation with total and free phenols in strawberry.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Compound
- phenolse1
- Outcome
- correlation between disease severity and each of total and free phenolse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crown Rot of Strawberry”
e1“Data also revealed the lack of correlation between disease severity and each of total and free phenols”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.