Abstract
Chromium is a key metal pollutant of the environment. When present in high concentrations in soil it adversely affects plant growth and productivity. Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) aqueous extract contains many natural antioxidants, and it has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of severe oxidative stress-related diseases and disorders. The present study was aimed to investigate the possible role of P. emblica aqueous extract in alleviating Cr toxicity effects in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings in relation to growth attributes, Cr uptake, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and activities of antioxidative enzymes. Rice seedlings were raised for 4–8 days in Yoshida nutrient medium in hydroponics containing either 100 μM Cr (K2Cr2O7) or Cr + P. emblica aqueous extract. Cr treatment to the seedlings caused decrease in root and shoots length and fresh biomass, decline in relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic pigments and increase in root membrane permeability. Uptake of Cr was more in roots than in shoots. Increased production of ROS, increase in lipid peroxidation and increased activities of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in Cr-treated seedlings as compared to controls. With the addition of aqueous extract of P. emblica (5 mg ml− 1) in the Cr treatment medium, significant alleviation of Cr-induced decline in growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and reduction in Cr-induced elevated activities of antioxidative enzymes in the seedlings was observed. Our results suggest that P. emblica aqueous extract considerably alleviates the effects of Cr in rice seedlings by suppressing Cr uptake, reducing oxidative stress and modulating activities of antioxidative enzymes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium reduced rice seedling root and shoot length and fresh biomass.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Cr treatmente0
- Outcome
- root and shoots length and fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cr treatment to the seedlings caused decrease in root and shoots length and fresh biomass”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium reduced relative water content and photosynthetic pigments in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cr treatmente1
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decline in relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic pigments”
e1“Cr treatment to the seedlings”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium increased rice root membrane permeability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cr treatmente1
- Outcome
- root membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in root membrane permeability”
e1“Cr treatment to the seedlings”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium uptake was greater in rice roots than shoots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of Cr was more in roots than in shoots.”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium increased reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation relative to controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cr-treatede0
- Outcome
- production of ROS, increase in lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased production of ROS, increase in lipid peroxidation and increased activities of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in Cr-treated seedlings as compared to controls.”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium increased SOD, CAT, GPX, and APX activities relative to controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cr-treatede0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidative enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased activities of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in Cr-treated seedlings as compared to controls.”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Phyllanthus emblica extract alleviated chromium-induced decline in seedling growth and biomass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- aqueous extract of P. emblica (5 mg ml− 1)e0
- Interactor
- P. emblica
Emblica officinalise0other - Outcome
- growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- alleviatione0
- Comparator
- Cr treatment mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the addition of aqueous extract of P. emblica (5 mg ml− 1) in the Cr treatment medium, significant alleviation of Cr-induced decline in growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract reduced chromium-elevated antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- aqueous extract of P. emblica (5 mg ml− 1)e0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidative enzymese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- Cr treatment mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the addition of aqueous extract of P. emblica (5 mg ml− 1) in the Cr treatment medium, significant alleviation of Cr-induced decline in growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and reduction in Cr-induced elevated activities of antioxidative enzymes in the seedlings was observed.”
t0“rice seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute extract alleviation to reduced chromium uptake and oxidative stress and modulated antioxidant activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- P. emblica aqueous extracte0
- Outcome
- alleviates the effects of Cre0
- Qualifier
- by suppressing Cr uptake, reducing oxidative stress and modulating activities of antioxidative enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. emblica aqueous extract considerably alleviates the effects of Cr in rice seedlings by suppressing Cr uptake, reducing oxidative stress and modulating activities of antioxidative enzymes.”
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