Abstract
The control of protein and amylose content is the principal challenge in rice nutrient and quality improvement. In this study, water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervals were imposed on two Japonica cultivars K1 and K3, and an Indica K4 subtype after anthesis to harvest. It was observed that although rice yield was affected, the protein content was increased 6.53–6.63% to 9.93–10.16%. The amylose quantity was reduced significantly from 22.00–22.43% to 16.33–17.56%, while fatty acids in rice grain were not influenced. Total anthocyanins were greatly promoted by 53.1% as compared to the non-treated trials. The antioxidant capacity in rice grain increased up to 59.1% in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and 41.6% in reducing power assays. Findings of this research revealed that the 3-day interval of water deficit imposition was the most effective to improve rice macronutrients and quality, as well as beneficial phytochemicals and antioxidants in rice grain. The water control after anthesis to harvest in rice cultivation is beneficial and economical for farmers to improve rice nutrients and quality, thus contributes to the sustainable rice production in many developing countries.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits affected rice yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- K1 and K3e0
- Treatment
- water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervals were imposed on two Japonica cultivars K1 and K3, and an Indica K4 subtype after anthesis to harvest”
e1“although rice yield was affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits increased rice grain protein content from 6.53–6.63% to 9.93–10.16%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- protein contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9.93–10.16%e1
- Qualifier
- 6.53–6.63%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervals were imposed”
e1“the protein content was increased 6.53–6.63% to 9.93–10.16%”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits significantly reduced amylose quantity from 22.00–22.43% to 16.33–17.56%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- amylose quantitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 16.33–17.56%e1
- Qualifier
- 22.00–22.43%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervals were imposed”
e1“The amylose quantity was reduced significantly from 22.00–22.43% to 16.33–17.56%”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits did not influence fatty acids in rice grain.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- fatty acids in rice graine1
- Direction
- not influencede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervals were imposed”
e1“fatty acids in rice grain were not influenced”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits promoted total anthocyanins by 53.1% versus untreated trials.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- Total anthocyaninse1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Value
- 53.1%e1
- Comparator
- non-treated trialse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervals were imposed”
e1“Total anthocyanins were greatly promoted by 53.1% as compared to the non-treated trials”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits increased rice grain antioxidant capacity up to 59.1% in the DPPH assay.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacity in rice graine1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 59.1%e1
- Qualifier
- 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenginge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervals were imposed”
e1“The antioxidant capacity in rice grain increased up to 59.1% in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits increased rice grain antioxidant capacity by 41.6% in reducing power assays.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervalse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacity in rice graine1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 41.6%e1
- Qualifier
- reducing power assayse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervals were imposed”
e1“The antioxidant capacity in rice grain increased up to 59.1% in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and 41.6% in reducing power assays”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3-day water deficit interval was judged most effective for improving rice grain nutrients and quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 3-day interval of water deficit impositione0
- Outcome
- rice macronutrients and quality, as well as beneficial phytochemicals and antioxidantse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 3-day interval of water deficit imposition was the most effective to improve rice macronutrients and quality, as well as beneficial phytochemicals and antioxidants in rice grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend water control from anthesis to harvest to improve rice nutrients and quality economically.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- water control after anthesis to harvest in rice cultivatione0
- Qualifier
- beneficial and economical for farmerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water control after anthesis to harvest in rice cultivation is beneficial and economical for farmers to improve rice nutrients and quality”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.