Abstract
Summary The grapevine downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola secretes a set of RXLR effectors (PvRXLRs) to overcome host immunity and facilitate infection, but how these effectors function is unclear. Here, the biological function of PvRXLR131 was investigated via heterologous expression. Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides significantly enhanced its pathogenicity on grapevine leaves. Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Arabidopsis promoted Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and P. syringae DC3000 ( hrcC ‐ ) growth as well as suppressed defence‐related callose deposition. Transient expression of PvRXLR131 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could also suppress different elicitor‐triggered cell death and inhibit plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici . Further analysis revealed that PvRXLR131 interacted with host Vitis vinifera BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (VvBKI1), and its homologues in N. benthamiana (NbBKI1) and Arabidopsis (AtBKI1). Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed that PvRXLR131 interacted with VvBKI1 in the plasma membrane. Deletion assays showed that the C‐terminus of PvRXLR131 was responsible for the interaction and mutation assays showed that phosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine residue in BKI1s disrupted the interaction. BKI1 was a receptor inhibitor of growth‐ and defence‐related brassinosteroid (BR) and ERECTA (ER) signalling. When silencing of NbBKI1 in N. benthamiana , the virulence function of PvRXLR131 was eliminated, demonstrating that the effector activity is mediated by BKI1. Moreover, PvRXLR131 ‐transgenic plants displayed BKI1‐overexpression dwarf phenotypes and suppressed BR and ER signalling. These physiological and genetic data clearly demonstrate that BKI1 is a virulence target of PvRXLR131. We propose that P. viticola secretes PvRXLR131 to target BKI1 as a strategy for promoting infection.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
PvRXLR131 expression enhanced C. gloeosporioides pathogenicity on grapevine leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131e0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen - Gene
- PvRXLR131e0
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides significantly enhanced its pathogenicity on grapevine leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
PvRXLR131 expression in Arabidopsis promoted Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000e0pathogen
- Gene
- PvRXLR131e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Arabidopsis promoted Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and P. syringae DC3000 ( hrcC ‐ ) growth as well as suppressed defence‐related callose deposition.”
Claim · model-written summary
PvRXLR131 expression in Arabidopsis promoted P. syringae DC3000 hrcC mutant growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131e0
- Interactor
- P. syringae DC3000 ( hrcC ‐ )e0pathogen
- Gene
- PvRXLR131e0
- Outcome
- P. syringae DC3000 ( hrcC ‐ ) growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Arabidopsis promoted Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and P. syringae DC3000 ( hrcC ‐ ) growth as well as suppressed defence‐related callose deposition.”
Claim · model-written summary
PvRXLR131 expression suppressed defence-related callose deposition in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131e0
- Gene
- PvRXLR131e0
- Outcome
- defence‐related callose depositione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of PvRXLR131 in Arabidopsis promoted Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and P. syringae DC3000 ( hrcC ‐ ) growth as well as suppressed defence‐related callose deposition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PvRXLR131 expression suppressed elicitor-triggered cell death in N. benthamiana leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of PvRXLR131e0
- Gene
- PvRXLR131e0
- Outcome
- elicitor‐triggered cell deathe0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of PvRXLR131 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could also suppress different elicitor‐triggered cell death and inhibit plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici .”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PvRXLR131 expression inhibited N. benthamiana resistance to P. capsici.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of PvRXLR131e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie0pathogen - Gene
- PvRXLR131e0
- Outcome
- plant resistance to Phytophthora capsicie0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of PvRXLR131 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could also suppress different elicitor‐triggered cell death and inhibit plant resistance to Phytophthora capsici .”
Claim · model-written summary
PvRXLR131 interacted with VvBKI1, NbBKI1 and AtBKI1.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Gene
- VvBKI1e0
- Outcome
- PvRXLR131 interacted with host Vitis vinifera BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (VvBKI1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PvRXLR131 interacted with host Vitis vinifera BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (VvBKI1), and its homologues in N. benthamiana (NbBKI1) and Arabidopsis (AtBKI1).”
Claim · model-written summary
PvRXLR131 interacted with VvBKI1 at the plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Gene
- VvBKI1e0
- Outcome
- interacted with VvBKI1 in the plasma membranee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PvRXLR131 interacted with VvBKI1 in the plasma membrane.”
t0“Plasmopara viticola effector PvRXLR131 suppresses plant immunity by targeting plant receptor‐like kinase inhibitor BKI1”
e1“host Vitis vinifera BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (VvBKI1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The PvRXLR131 C-terminus was responsible for BKI1 interaction.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Gene
- PvRXLR131e0
- Outcome
- responsible for the interactione0
- Qualifier
- C‐terminuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the C‐terminus of PvRXLR131 was responsible for the interaction”
e1“host Vitis vinifera BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (VvBKI1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorylation of a conserved BKI1 tyrosine disrupted the interaction.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Gene
- BKI1se0
- Outcome
- disrupted the interactione0
- Qualifier
- phosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine residue in BKI1s disrupted the interaction”
e1“host Vitis vinifera BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (VvBKI1)”
Claim · model-written summary
BKI1 silencing eliminated PvRXLR131 virulence function in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- silencing of NbBKI1e0
- Gene
- NbBKI1e0
- Outcome
- virulence function of PvRXLR131e0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When silencing of NbBKI1 in N. benthamiana , the virulence function of PvRXLR131 was eliminated”
Claim · model-written summary
PvRXLR131 transgenic plants showed BKI1-overexpression dwarf phenotypes.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Material
- PvRXLR131 ‐transgenic plantse0
- Gene
- BKI1e0
- Outcome
- BKI1‐overexpression dwarf phenotypese0
Verbatim
e0“PvRXLR131 ‐transgenic plants displayed BKI1‐overexpression dwarf phenotypes and suppressed BR and ER signalling.”
t0“plant immunity”
Claim · model-written summary
PvRXLR131 transgenic plants suppressed BR and ER signalling.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Material
- PvRXLR131 ‐transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- BR and ER signallinge0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Verbatim
e0“PvRXLR131 ‐transgenic plants displayed BKI1‐overexpression dwarf phenotypes and suppressed BR and ER signalling.”
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