Abstract
THE EXPERIMENT was conducted to investigate the effects of application of rice straw waste-derived biochar on the growth and some metabolic activities of salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Moreover, biochar as a soil amendment was evaluated with the additional rate of chemical fertilizers (NPK) under salinity stress in agro-ecosystem. The results indicate that salinity (200mM NaCl) caused a significant reduction in all measured growth parameters of cowpea seedlings compared with control. Salinity stress caused reduction in germination percentage by 54% and 14% and 17% in the lengths of shoot and root, respectively as well as leaf area (22% reduction), compared with the control. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid content and osmolytes (total soluble proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids) were increased under salinity stress. The results showed that application of rice straw-derived biochar increased the germination percentage and all the studied growth criteria under salinity stress. In addition, rice straw-derived biochar increased the photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic pigments (Chl. a, Chl. b and carotenoids) and decreased the biosynthesis of MDA and ascorbic acid. The results demonstrate that the highest values of the measured growth parameters and physiological processes of cowpea seedlings were recorded at 75% NPK combined with biochar treatment. In conclusion, application of rice straw-derived biochar reduced the additional rate of chemical fertilizer by 25%.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity (200mM NaCl) significantly reduced all measured growth parameters of cowpea seedlings compared with control.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae1 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse2
- Treatment
- salinity (200mM NaCl)e2
- Outcome
- measured growth parameterse2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“salinity (200mM NaCl) caused a significant reduction in all measured growth parameters of cowpea seedlings compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced germination percentage of cowpea by 54% compared with control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse3
- Outcome
- germination percentagee3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 54%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“compared with control”
e3“Salinity stress caused reduction in germination percentage by 54%”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced cowpea shoot length by 14% compared with control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse5
- Outcome
- lengths of shoote5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- 14%e5
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“compared with control”
e5“Salinity stress caused reduction in germination percentage by 54% and 14% and 17% in the lengths of shoot and root, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced cowpea root length by 17% compared with control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse5
- Outcome
- roote5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- 17%e5
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“compared with control”
e5“Salinity stress caused reduction in germination percentage by 54% and 14% and 17% in the lengths of shoot and root, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced cowpea leaf area by 22% compared with control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse5
- Outcome
- leaf areae6
- Direction
- reductione6
- Value
- 22%e6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e5“Salinity stress caused reduction in germination percentage by 54% and 14% and 17% in the lengths of shoot and root, respectively”
e6“as well as leaf area (22% reduction), compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- salinity stresse7
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase)e7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e7“the activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid content and osmolytes (total soluble proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids) were increased under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased malondialdehyde and ascorbic acid content in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- salinity stresse7
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid contente7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e7“the activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid content and osmolytes (total soluble proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids) were increased under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased osmolytes in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- salinity stresse7
- Outcome
- osmolytes (total soluble proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids)e7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e7“the activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid content and osmolytes (total soluble proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids) were increased under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw-derived biochar increased germination percentage and all studied growth criteria of cowpea under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- rice straw-derived biochare2
- Outcome
- germination percentage and all the studied growth criteriae2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“application of rice straw-derived biochar increased the germination percentage and all the studied growth criteria under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw-derived biochar increased photosynthetic activity in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- rice straw-derived biochare2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“In addition, rice straw-derived biochar increased the photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic pigments (Chl. a, Chl. b and carotenoids) and decreased the biosynthesis of MDA and ascorbic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw-derived biochar increased photosynthetic pigments in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- rice straw-derived biochare2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments (Chl. a, Chl. b and carotenoids)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“In addition, rice straw-derived biochar increased the photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic pigments (Chl. a, Chl. b and carotenoids) and decreased the biosynthesis of MDA and ascorbic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw-derived biochar decreased the biosynthesis of MDA and ascorbic acid in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- rice straw-derived biochare2
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of MDA and ascorbic acide2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“In addition, rice straw-derived biochar increased the photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic pigments (Chl. a, Chl. b and carotenoids) and decreased the biosynthesis of MDA and ascorbic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest growth and physiological values in cowpea were recorded at 75% NPK combined with biochar.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- 75% NPK combined with biochar treatmente2
- Outcome
- measured growth parameters and physiological processese2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“the highest values of the measured growth parameters and physiological processes of cowpea seedlings were recorded at 75% NPK combined with biochar treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw-derived biochar reduced the additional chemical fertilizer rate by 25% in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- rice straw-derived biochare2
- Outcome
- additional rate of chemical fertilizere2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 25%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”
e2“application of rice straw-derived biochar reduced the additional rate of chemical fertilizer by 25%”
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See all 143 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.