Abstract
Phytoremediation is an appropriate technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. A greenhouse trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that application of surfactant levels and inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium and/or Piriformospora indica fungus enhances the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd). Maize seeds were sown in Cd-polluted soil, and after 2 months Cd status in plant tissues and Cd phytoremediation criteria was determined. Results showed that application of surfactant increased root and shoot dry weight. Mean Cd uptake in roots and shoots increased following the application of 2 and 4 mmol kg −1 Tween 80, respectively. Application of 2 mmol kg −1 Tween 80 increased mean Cd uptake efficiency, while application of 4 mmol kg −1 Tween 80 increased phytoextraction and translocation efficiencies. Inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens was mostly effective in increasing Cd uptake and Cd phytoextraction efficiency, respectively. Co-inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens had no superiority to application of each inoculant alone. Since most of the Cd remained in roots, phytostabilization is probably the main mechanism controlling Cd phytoremediation by maize. According to the results, application of Tween 80 and inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens effectively enhanced phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by maize.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Surfactant application increased maize root and shoot dry weight.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of surfactant increased root and shoot dry weight”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
2 mmol kg −1 Tween 80 increased mean cadmium uptake in roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean Cd uptake in roots and shoots increased following the application of 2 and 4 mmol kg −1 Tween 80, respectively. Application of 2 mmol kg −1 Tween 80 increased mean Cd uptake efficiency”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
4 mmol kg −1 Tween 80 increased mean cadmium uptake in shoots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean Cd uptake in roots and shoots increased following the application of 2 and 4 mmol kg −1 Tween 80, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
2 mmol kg −1 Tween 80 increased cadmium uptake efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 2 mmol kg −1 Tween 80 increased mean Cd uptake efficiency”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
4 mmol kg −1 Tween 80 increased phytoextraction and translocation efficiencies.
- Treatment
- 4 mmol kg −1 Tween 80e0
- Outcome
- phytoextraction and translocation efficienciese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 4 mmol kg −1 Tween 80 increased phytoextraction and translocation efficiencies”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Piriformospora indica inoculation was most effective at increasing cadmium uptake.
- Treatment
- Inoculation with P. indicae0
- Interactor
- P. indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens was mostly effective in increasing Cd uptake and Cd phytoextraction efficiency, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculation was most effective at increasing cadmium phytoextraction efficiency.
- Treatment
- Inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont - Outcome
- Cd phytoextraction efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens was mostly effective in increasing Cd uptake and Cd phytoextraction efficiency, respectively”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation showed no superiority over either inoculant alone.
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. indicae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- superioritye0
- Direction
- no superioritye0
- Comparator
- application of each inoculant alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens had no superiority to application of each inoculant alone”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Most cadmium remained in maize roots, suggesting phytostabilization as the main remediation mechanism.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Cd phytoremediatione0
- Qualifier
- phytostabilization is probably the main mechanisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Since most of the Cd remained in roots, phytostabilization is probably the main mechanism controlling Cd phytoremediation by maize”
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See all 306 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.