Abstract
Mitigating drought stress is important for corn production. One way to alleviate drought stress and increase yield is to use supplementary Zn and Zn-solubilizing bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ZnSO 4 combined with rhizosphere bacteria on the yield, Zn uptake, relative water content (RWC), and water use efficiency (WUE) of corn under drought stress. A field experiment was conducted with sufficient irrigation, moderate stress, and the application of different combinations of ZnSO 4 and Zn-solubilizing bacteria. These combinations included four levels without Zn, with Zn applied to foliage, soil, or seed priming, and three levels of bacteria (without bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens , and P. aeruginosa ). Drought stress decreased RWC by 11 %, the cobs/m 2 by 9 %, and increased WUE by 5.7 % in corn. However, priming or foliar application of ZnSO 4 with both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa strains increased the number of cobs/m 2 by 12.5 % and the number of rows/cob by 15 %. Additionally, most methods of applying ZnSO 4 and bacteria increased the number of grains, 100-grain weight, grain yield, and WUE of corn. The results showed a 48 % and 52 % increase in 100-grain weight with the foliar application of ZnSO 4 and P. aeruginosa , respectively, under normal and drought conditions compared to the control. Soil application of ZnSO 4 without bacteria or foliar application of ZnSO 4 with P. aeruginosa enhanced grain and biological yield by 48 % and 8.9 % under drought stress, respectivly. Similarly, under sufficient irrigation, Zn seed priming with P. aeruginosa increased grain yield by 39.6 % and biological yield by 14.9 % compared with the control. Drought stress and foliar application of ZnSO 4 with P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa increased the Zn content of corn leaves and grains. In conclusion, although drought decreased corn performance, foliar or priming of ZnSO 4 with Pseudomonas bacterial strains improved yield. • In non-stress, Zn seed priming with Pseudomonas aeruginosa yielded the highest grain yield. • Drought stress reduces RWC, yield components, grain and biological yields. • Drought stress reduced plant yield but improved water use efficiency. • Zinc sulfate along with Zn solubilizing bacteria increased yield, and Zn in corn. • Zn soil/foliar application with Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased yield under stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced corn relative water content by 11%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress decreased RWC by 11 %”
e1“Drought stress decreased RWC by 11 %, the cobs/m 2 by 9 %, and increased WUE by 5.7 % in corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced corn cobs per square meter by 9%.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Outcome
- cobs/m 2e0
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 9 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cobs/m 2 by 9 %”
e1“Drought stress decreased RWC by 11 %, the cobs/m 2 by 9 %, and increased WUE by 5.7 % in corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased corn water use efficiency by 5.7%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.7 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased WUE by 5.7 % in corn”
e1“Drought stress decreased RWC by 11 %, the cobs/m 2 by 9 %, and increased WUE by 5.7 % in corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc priming or foliar application with Pseudomonas increased corn cobs per square meter by 12.5%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- priming or foliar application of ZnSO 4 with both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa strainse0
- Outcome
- number of cobs/m 2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.5 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“priming or foliar application of ZnSO 4 with both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa strains increased the number of cobs/m 2 by 12.5 %”
t0“corn under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combined treatment increased rows per cob by 15%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- priming or foliar application of ZnSO 4 with both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa strainse0
- Outcome
- number of rows/cobe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“priming or foliar application of ZnSO 4 with both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa strains increased the number of cobs/m 2 by 12.5 % and the number of rows/cob by 15 %”
t0“corn under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc with P. aeruginosa increased 100-grain weight by 48% under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO 4 and P. aeruginosae0
- Outcome
- 100-grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 48 %e0
- Qualifier
- under normale0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“48 % and 52 % increase in 100-grain weight with the foliar application of ZnSO 4 and P. aeruginosa , respectively, under normal and drought conditions compared to the control”
t0“corn under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc with P. aeruginosa increased 100-grain weight by 52% under drought.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO 4 and P. aeruginosae0
- Outcome
- 100-grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 52 %e0
- Qualifier
- drought conditionse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“48 % and 52 % increase in 100-grain weight with the foliar application of ZnSO 4 and P. aeruginosa , respectively, under normal and drought conditions compared to the control”
t0“corn under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc soil application without bacteria increased grain yield by 48% under drought.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Soil application of ZnSO 4 without bacteriae0
- Outcome
- grain and biological yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 48 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil application of ZnSO 4 without bacteria or foliar application of ZnSO 4 with P. aeruginosa enhanced grain and biological yield by 48 % and 8.9 % under drought stress, respectivly.”
t0“corn under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc with P. aeruginosa increased biological yield by 8.9% under drought.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO 4 with P. aeruginosae0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 8.9 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of ZnSO 4 with P. aeruginosa enhanced grain and biological yield by 48 % and 8.9 % under drought stress, respectivly”
t0“corn under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc seed priming with P. aeruginosa increased grain yield by 39.6% under sufficient irrigation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Zn seed priming with P. aeruginosae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.6 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under sufficient irrigation, Zn seed priming with P. aeruginosa increased grain yield by 39.6 % and biological yield by 14.9 % compared with the control”
t0“corn under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc seed priming with P. aeruginosa increased biological yield by 14.9% under sufficient irrigation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Zn seed priming with P. aeruginosae0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.9 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under sufficient irrigation, Zn seed priming with P. aeruginosa increased grain yield by 39.6 % and biological yield by 14.9 % compared with the control”
t0“corn under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and foliar zinc with Pseudomonas increased leaf and grain zinc content.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnSO 4 with P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosae0
- Outcome
- Zn content of corn leaves and grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress and foliar application of ZnSO 4 with P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa increased the Zn content of corn leaves and grains”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.