Abstract
Different levels of foliar applications from nano-silica (i.e., 0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1), and different salinity combination of irrigation water (0.51, 2.45, 1.85 and 1.36 dS m-1) on some soil properties and anatomical structure and productivity of Faba vulgarisL. (Vicia faba L.) cv. Sakha 3 and Maize (Zea mays single hybrid crops cv. Giza 10) plants were investigated in lysimeter experiments at Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm during summer 2017 and winter 2017/2018 seasons, respectively. Results of soil properties indicated that there are no variations among soil salinity and different foliar application treatments with nano-silica. While, there is a remarkable variation in mean of soil salinity among irrigation with fresh water and blended with well water treatments, which arranged T4 (1.36 dS m-1), followed by T3 (1.85 dS m-1), compared with T2 (2.45 dS m-1), at 0-20 cm depth for studied plants. A similar trend was also exhibited in the other soil depths. But, exchangeable sodium percentage of the different soil depth unaffected under the same plant. Maize and Faba bean roots and leaves anatomical structure were cleared that at 300 mg L-1 N-Si, roots diameter changed up to (22.75, 15.54 and 3.93, 5.97 %) of Maize and Faba bean respectively, diameter of vascular cylinder (7.95, 6.33 and 1.84, 2.96 %), and thickness of cortex (22.77, 6.02 and 2.90, 1.69 %) with T1 and T4 treatments compared to the control, respectively. The highest values of big vessel diameter arch-1 were recorded for roots of Faba bean (95.14 and 55.50 %), with T1 and T4 treatments compared to control. Also, anatomical structure of maize leaves attained 13.80 and 10.43 % for lamina thickness, 16.52 and 4.65 % for midrib length and 7.82 and 31.92 %, for number of vesicular bundle midrib-1 at 300 mg L-1 N-Si with T1 and T4 treatments more than the control. Also, under the same conditions, mesophyll thickness and midrib length of faba bean leaves recorded 20.07, 51.41 %, and 35.65, 103.89 %, respectively moreover these results will be positively reflected upon chlorophyll content.For productivity, results showed that T4 treatment attained the highest values 4.22, 5.32 t/ fed. and 1.74, 1.84 t/fed.in grain and straw yield of Maize and Faba bean plants, under foliar application with 300 mg L-1 of nano-silica compared with other concentrations, respectively. From these results, recommended that foliar application with 300 mg L-1 of nano-silica is the better concentration to mitigation of salt stress effect as well as improvement soil properties, anatomical structure and productivity of Maize and Faba bean plants.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salinity did not vary among nano-silica foliar treatments.
- Taxon
- Faba Bean
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- different foliar application treatments with nano-silicae0
- Outcome
- soil salinitye0
- Direction
- no variationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there are no variations among soil salinity and different foliar application treatments with nano-silica”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salinity differed among fresh and blended well water treatments.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- irrigation with fresh water and blended with well water treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mean of soil salinitye0
- Direction
- remarkable variatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is a remarkable variation in mean of soil salinity among irrigation with fresh water and blended with well water treatments”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0–20 cm depth, soil salinity treatments ranked T4 above T3 above T2; other depths showed a similar trend.
Verbatim
e0“arranged T4 (1.36 dS m-1), followed by T3 (1.85 dS m-1), compared with T2 (2.45 dS m-1), at 0-20 cm depth for studied plants. A similar trend was also exhibited in the other soil depths.”
e1“mean of soil salinity among irrigation with fresh water”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable sodium percentage was unaffected across soil depths.
Verbatim
e0“exchangeable sodium percentage of the different soil depth unaffected under the same plant”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, maize root diameter changed by 22.75% with T1 relative to control.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 300 mg L-1 N-Si, roots diameter changed up to (22.75, 15.54 and 3.93, 5.97 %) of Maize and Faba bean respectively, diameter of vascular cylinder (7.95, 6.33 and 1.84, 2.96 %), and thickness of cortex (22.77, 6.02 and 2.90, 1.69 %) with T1 and T4 treatments compared to the control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, maize root diameter changed by 15.54% with T4 relative to control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 300 mg L-1 N-Si, roots diameter changed up to (22.75, 15.54 and 3.93, 5.97 %) of Maize and Faba bean respectively, diameter of vascular cylinder (7.95, 6.33 and 1.84, 2.96 %), and thickness of cortex (22.77, 6.02 and 2.90, 1.69 %) with T1 and T4 treatments compared to the control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, faba bean root diameter changed by 3.93% with T1 relative to control.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- 300 mg L-1 N-Sie0
- Outcome
- roots diametere0
- Direction
- changede0
- Value
- 3.93e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 300 mg L-1 N-Si, roots diameter changed up to (22.75, 15.54 and 3.93, 5.97 %) of Maize and Faba bean respectively, diameter of vascular cylinder (7.95, 6.33 and 1.84, 2.96 %), and thickness of cortex (22.77, 6.02 and 2.90, 1.69 %) with T1 and T4 treatments compared to the control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, faba bean root diameter changed by 5.97% with T4 relative to control.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- 300 mg L-1 N-Sie0
- Outcome
- roots diametere0
- Direction
- changede0
- Value
- 5.97e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 300 mg L-1 N-Si, roots diameter changed up to (22.75, 15.54 and 3.93, 5.97 %) of Maize and Faba bean respectively, diameter of vascular cylinder (7.95, 6.33 and 1.84, 2.96 %), and thickness of cortex (22.77, 6.02 and 2.90, 1.69 %) with T1 and T4 treatments compared to the control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, vascular cylinder diameter changed by 7.95 and 6.33% in maize with T1 and T4, respectively.
- Treatment
- T1 and T4 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- diameter of vascular cylindere0
- Value
- 7.95, 6.33e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diameter of vascular cylinder (7.95, 6.33 and 1.84, 2.96 %), and thickness of cortex (22.77, 6.02 and 2.90, 1.69 %) with T1 and T4 treatments compared to the control, respectively.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, vascular cylinder diameter changed by 1.84 and 2.96% in faba bean with T1 and T4, respectively.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- T1 and T4 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- diameter of vascular cylindere0
- Value
- 1.84, 2.96 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diameter of vascular cylinder (7.95, 6.33 and 1.84, 2.96 %), and thickness of cortex (22.77, 6.02 and 2.90, 1.69 %) with T1 and T4 treatments compared to the control, respectively.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, maize cortex thickness changed by 22.77 and 6.02% with T1 and T4, respectively.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thickness of cortex (22.77, 6.02 and 2.90, 1.69 %) with T1 and T4 treatments compared to the control, respectively.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, faba bean cortex thickness changed by 2.90 and 1.69% with T1 and T4, respectively.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- T1 and T4 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- thickness of cortexe0
- Value
- 2.90, 1.69 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thickness of cortex (22.77, 6.02 and 2.90, 1.69 %) with T1 and T4 treatments compared to the control, respectively.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean root big vessel diameter was 95.14 and 55.50% above control under T1 and T4, respectively.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- T1 and T4 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- big vessel diameter arch-1e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 95.14 and 55.50 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest values of big vessel diameter arch-1 were recorded for roots of Faba bean (95.14 and 55.50 %), with T1 and T4 treatments compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf lamina thickness increased 13.80 and 10.43% under T1 and T4 at 300 mg L-1 nano-silica.
- Treatment
- 300 mg L-1 N-Si with T1 and T4 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- lamina thicknesse0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- 13.80 and 10.43 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize leaves attained 13.80 and 10.43 % for lamina thickness, 16.52 and 4.65 % for midrib length and 7.82 and 31.92 %, for number of vesicular bundle midrib-1 at 300 mg L-1 N-Si with T1 and T4 treatments more than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf midrib length increased 16.52 and 4.65% under T1 and T4 at 300 mg L-1 nano-silica.
- Treatment
- 300 mg L-1 N-Si with T1 and T4 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- midrib lengthe0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- 16.52 and 4.65 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize leaves attained 13.80 and 10.43 % for lamina thickness, 16.52 and 4.65 % for midrib length and 7.82 and 31.92 %, for number of vesicular bundle midrib-1 at 300 mg L-1 N-Si with T1 and T4 treatments more than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf midrib vesicular bundle number increased 7.82 and 31.92% under T1 and T4 at 300 mg L-1 nano-silica.
- Treatment
- 300 mg L-1 N-Si with T1 and T4 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- number of vesicular bundle midrib-1e0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- 7.82 and 31.92 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize leaves attained 13.80 and 10.43 % for lamina thickness, 16.52 and 4.65 % for midrib length and 7.82 and 31.92 %, for number of vesicular bundle midrib-1 at 300 mg L-1 N-Si with T1 and T4 treatments more than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean mesophyll thickness increased 20.07 and 51.41% under T1 and T4 at 300 mg L-1 nano-silica.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- 300 mg L-1 N-Sie1
- Outcome
- mesophyll thicknesse0
- Value
- 20.07, 51.41 %e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mesophyll thickness and midrib length of faba bean leaves recorded 20.07, 51.41 %, and 35.65, 103.89 %, respectively”
e1“at 300 mg L-1 N-Si with T1 and T4 treatments more than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean midrib length increased 35.65 and 103.89% under T1 and T4 at 300 mg L-1 nano-silica.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- 300 mg L-1 N-Sie1
- Outcome
- midrib lengthe0
- Value
- 35.65, 103.89 %e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mesophyll thickness and midrib length of faba bean leaves recorded 20.07, 51.41 %, and 35.65, 103.89 %, respectively”
e1“at 300 mg L-1 N-Si with T1 and T4 treatments more than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Under T4 and 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, maize grain and straw yield reached 4.22 and 5.32 t/fed., respectively.
- Treatment
- foliar application with 300 mg L-1 of nano-silicae0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.22, 5.32 t/ fed.e0
- Comparator
- other concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 treatment attained the highest values 4.22, 5.32 t/ fed. and 1.74, 1.84 t/fed.in grain and straw yield of Maize and Faba bean plants, under foliar application with 300 mg L-1 of nano-silica compared with other concentrations, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under T4 and 300 mg L-1 nano-silica, faba bean grain and straw yield reached 1.74 and 1.84 t/fed., respectively.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- foliar application with 300 mg L-1 of nano-silicae0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.74, 1.84 t/fed.e0
- Comparator
- other concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 treatment attained the highest values 4.22, 5.32 t/ fed. and 1.74, 1.84 t/fed.in grain and straw yield of Maize and Faba bean plants, under foliar application with 300 mg L-1 of nano-silica compared with other concentrations, respectively”
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