Abstract
Observations from extensive regions in Europe and North America suggest that many forests may be in early stages of ecosystem decline. We present experimental evidence from open-top chamber field studies indicating that ambient ozone at levels below the ambient air quality standard (235 μg m-3) causes significant reductions (19%) in the growth of sapling poplars (hybrid Populus). While ozone-induced reductions in growth have been observed under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, demonstration of this effect under field conditions is critical to the establishment of ozone standards. Growth reductions for Populus deltoides and Robinia pseudoacacia were not significant (α = 0.05). Reductions in productivity and height growth occurred without visible symptoms of foliar injury and at ozone concentrations below current standards. If this “invisible” injury is typical in other tree species, the extent of ozone-induced forest damage may presently be greatly underestimated. Additional field studies on a regional basis are needed. © 1986, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Ambient ozone below the standard significantly reduced hybrid Populus sapling growth by 19%.
- Treatment
- ambient ozonee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Qualifier
- 235 μg m-3e0
- Comparator
- ambient air quality standarde0
PopulusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ambient ozone at levels below the ambient air quality standard (235 μg m-3) causes significant reductions (19%) in the growth of sapling poplars (hybrid Populus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone-related growth reductions were not significant for Populus deltoides.
- Taxon
- Populus deltoides
Populus deltoidese0 - Treatment
- ozonet0
- Outcome
- Growth reductionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- α = 0.05e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth reductions for Populus deltoides and Robinia pseudoacacia were not significant (α = 0.05)”
t0“ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone-related growth reductions were not significant for Robinia pseudoacacia.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacaciae0 - Treatment
- ozonet0
- Outcome
- Growth reductionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- α = 0.05e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth reductions for Populus deltoides and Robinia pseudoacacia were not significant (α = 0.05)”
t0“ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Productivity and height growth declined without visible foliar injury below ozone standards.
- Treatment
- ozone concentrations below current standardse0
- Outcome
- productivity and height growthe0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
- Qualifier
- without visible symptoms of foliar injurye0
- Comparator
- current standardse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in productivity and height growth occurred without visible symptoms of foliar injury and at ozone concentrations below current standards”
e7“sapling poplars (hybrid Populus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend further regional field studies.
- Outcome
- Additional field studies on a regional basise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional field studies on a regional basis are needed”
e7“sapling poplars (hybrid Populus)”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · growth · Populus (poplar)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
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See all 14 papers →ozone · yield · Populus (poplar)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.