Abstract
The present study was carried out at South Sinai Research Station, Ras Sudr, South Sinai Governorate during 2008 and 2009 summer seasons. Two field experiments were carried out on two forage local varieties i.e. sorghum, hybrid 102 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and pearl millet, Shandweel 1, (Pennisetum glaucum L.,R. Br.) irrigated with saline water (4000 ppm) under calcareous soil (53.6ْ% CaCO3) with pH values of 7.5-8.1, sandy to sandy loam as soil texture. The first one was conducted to study the response of two forage crops, sorghum and pearl millet to soil mulching with defoliated leaves of Casuarina sp. or without mulching aiming to reducing evaporation and increasing soil moisture content. The second one was carried out to study the effect of N rates as soil application i.e. 100, 75 and 50% of N dose recommended, 80 kg/ha, as a basal dose and after each cut as well as foliar application with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% urea before 2-3 weeks from any cutting time. The aim of this trial was to evaluate utilization of the proper soil N dose with supplementary by foliar application of urea to avoid the increase of soil salinity. The main obtained results of the first experiment showed that soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m2, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching, whereas, these increments were decreased gradually from the 1st cut to the 3rd cut. However, pearl millet forage crop had a significant increase in the above mentioned characters as compared with sorghum crop. Results of the second experiment indicated that forage yield of the 1st cut was reduced with decreasing soil N application from 100% to 50% of N recommended dose. Forage yield of pearl millet crop produced more than 2 folds of sorghum crop under salinity conditions, however, forage yield of sorghum and pearl millet crops were reduced about 43.2% and 29.7%, respectively with decreasing N doses from 100 to 50% of the N recommended dose. These results indicated that pearl millet crop was more adapted to salinity conditions of South Sinai conditions. These findings may be due to pearl millet forage crop showed the fact that higher value of slope for salinity tolerance (7.1 dSm-1) than that of sorghum crop (4.8 dSm-1), although the two forage crops attained the same values of the threshold of salinity (4.0 dSm-1). In the 2nd cut, irrespective of N fertilizer either soil or foliar applications, pearl millet forage crop had about four folds of that obtained for sorghum crop. Regarding application of soil N doses, application of 75% dose showed the highest value of forage yield, whereas, the lowest dose produced the lowest forage yield. This means that fertilized with 75% the recommended dose more suitable under saline conditions of Sinai. In addition, forage yield was increased by 55.8% with increasing foliar application by urea levels from 0.5% to 1.5%. It could be recommended that pearl millet forage crop is more adapted and suitable for saline conditions at South Sinai governorate, under using soil mulching. Moreover, foliar application of urea at 1.0 and 1.5% with 100, and 75% of recommended N dose and enough to obtain higher return for pearl millet and sorghum forage crops, respectively.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased soil moisture content for sorghum.
- Treatment
- soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leavese0
- Outcome
- soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- without soil mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m2, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased plant height for sorghum.
- Treatment
- soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leavese0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- without soil mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m2, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased number of tillers/m2 for sorghum.
- Treatment
- soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leavese0
- Outcome
- number of tillers/m2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- without soil mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m2, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased fresh and dry forage yields for sorghum.
- Treatment
- soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leavese0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry forage yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- without soil mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m2, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased soil moisture content for pearl millet.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse0 - Treatment
- soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leavese0
- Outcome
- soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- without soil mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m2, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased plant height for pearl millet.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leavese0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- without soil mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m2, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased number of tillers/m2 for pearl millet.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leavese0
- Outcome
- number of tillers/m2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- without soil mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m2, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased fresh and dry forage yields for pearl millet.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leavese0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry forage yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- without soil mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil mulching with casuarina defoliated leaves significantly increased soil moisture content as well as plant height, number of tillers/m2, fresh and dry forage yields of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops as compared with without soil mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet exceeded sorghum for the listed forage traits.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Outcome
- above mentioned characterse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- sorghum crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pearl millet forage crop had a significant increase in the above mentioned characters as compared with sorghum crop”
Claim · model-written summary
sorghum forage yield fell 43.2% as N dose decreased.
- Treatment
- decreasing N doses from 100 to 50% of the N recommended dosee0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 43.2%e0
- Comparator
- 100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“forage yield of sorghum and pearl millet crops were reduced about 43.2% and 29.7%, respectively with decreasing N doses from 100 to 50% of the N recommended dose”
Claim · model-written summary
pearl millet forage yield fell 29.7% as N dose decreased.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- decreasing N doses from 100 to 50% of the N recommended dosee0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 29.7%e0
- Comparator
- 100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“forage yield of sorghum and pearl millet crops were reduced about 43.2% and 29.7%, respectively with decreasing N doses from 100 to 50% of the N recommended dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet forage yield exceeded sorghum by more than twofold under salinity.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Outcome
- Forage yielde0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- more than 2 foldse0
- Comparator
- sorghum crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Forage yield of pearl millet crop produced more than 2 folds of sorghum crop under salinity conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet had a higher salinity-tolerance slope than sorghum.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Outcome
- slope for salinity tolerancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.1 dSm-1e0
- Qualifier
- 4.8 dSm-1e0
- Comparator
- sorghum crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher value of slope for salinity tolerance (7.1 dSm-1) than that of sorghum crop (4.8 dSm-1)”
t0“sorghum and pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Both forage crops had the same salinity threshold.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanus
Sorghumt0 - Outcome
- threshold of salinitye0
- Direction
- samee0
- Value
- 4.0 dSm-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the two forage crops attained the same values of the threshold of salinity (4.0 dSm-1)”
t0“sorghum and pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet yielded about fourfold more than sorghum in the second cut.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Outcome
- four folds of that obtained for sorghum crope0
- Direction
- four foldse0
- Value
- four foldse0
- Comparator
- sorghum crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pearl millet forage crop had about four folds of that obtained for sorghum crop”
t0“sorghum and pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% soil N dose produced the highest forage yield.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghumt0
- Treatment
- 75% dosee0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- lowest dosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 75% dose showed the highest value of forage yield, whereas, the lowest dose produced the lowest forage yield”
t0“sorghum and pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing foliar urea from 0.5% to 1.5% raised forage yield by 55.8%.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghumt0
- Treatment
- 1.5%e0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 55.8%e0
- Comparator
- 0.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“forage yield was increased by 55.8% with increasing foliar application by urea levels from 0.5% to 1.5%”
t0“sorghum and pearl millet”
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See all 29 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.