Abstract
Pollen and seed germination tests can be used as effective test in screeing salt-tolerant crop and pollen grain morphology characteristics can be used to determine interspecific and intraspecific relationships among olive species. So, This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different salinity concentrations on pollen germination, tube growth and further evaluation of pollen grain morphological characteristics using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of four olive (Dezful, Mission, Koroneiki and Tarom2) cultivars. Results showed that polar axis (P), equatorial axis (E), and the distance between furrow edges and ridges width were significantly different between four olive cultivars. The value of polar axis ranged from 18.77 μm in ‘Koroneiki’ up to 20.03 μm in ‘Dezful’, while the mean values of equatorial axis ranged from 12.76 μm for ‘Tarom2’ up to 13.68 μm for ‘Dezful’. The lowest distance between furrow edges (12.13 μm) and width of ridges (8.63 μm) were obtained in ‘Mission’ cultivar. It indicated that ‘Dezful’ and ‘Mission’ olive cultivars produced pollen grains with low mesh density in unit area and incomplete closure. While, ‘Tarom2’ and ‘Koroneiki’ produced pollen grains with high mesh density and complete closure. The results also elucidated that the amount of pollen germination decreased as concentration of salinity increased on the medium. The reduction of pllen germination rate occurred at the 83.71%, 96.68%, 86.83% and 87.38% with additional of 25 mM NaCl in the media of ‘Tarom2’, ‘Dezful’, ‘Mission’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cultivars, respectively. The maximum pollen tube length (171.99 μm) was observed in ‘Tarom2’ cultivar cultured in a salinity-free medium; while pollen tube length was the lowest (3.5 μm) in ‘Dezful’ cultivar cultured in a medium containing 25 mM of NaCl. Findings also revealed information in which was able to categorize cultivars into tolerant (‘Tarom2’), semi-tolerant (‘Mission’ and ‘Koroneiki’) and sensitive (‘Dezful’) based on tolerating critical salinity (lethal salinity) condition at the pollen germination stage. According to the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that investigate the effect of salinity stresses on gametophytic phase could be applied for the screening tolerant olive cultivars to salt stresses.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
polar axis differed significantly among four olive cultivars.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeae0 - Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Outcome
- polar axise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that polar axis (P), equatorial axis (E), and the distance between furrow edges and ridges width were significantly different between four olive cultivars.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
equatorial axis differed significantly among four olive cultivars.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Outcome
- equatorial axise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that polar axis (P), equatorial axis (E), and the distance between furrow edges and ridges width were significantly different between four olive cultivars.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
distance between furrow edges differed significantly among four olive cultivars.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Outcome
- distance between furrow edgese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that polar axis (P), equatorial axis (E), and the distance between furrow edges and ridges width were significantly different between four olive cultivars.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
ridges width differed significantly among four olive cultivars.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Outcome
- ridges widthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that polar axis (P), equatorial axis (E), and the distance between furrow edges and ridges width were significantly different between four olive cultivars.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Koroneiki pollen had polar axis of 18.77 μm.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Koroneikie0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Outcome
- polar axise0
- Direction
- rangede0
- Value
- 18.77 μme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The value of polar axis ranged from 18.77 μm in ‘Koroneiki’ up to 20.03 μm in ‘Dezful’, while the mean values of equatorial axis ranged from 12.76 μm for ‘Tarom2’ up to 13.68 μm for ‘Dezful’.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Dezful pollen had polar axis of 20.03 μm.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Dezfule0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Outcome
- polar axise0
- Direction
- up toe0
- Value
- 20.03 μme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The value of polar axis ranged from 18.77 μm in ‘Koroneiki’ up to 20.03 μm in ‘Dezful’, while the mean values of equatorial axis ranged from 12.76 μm for ‘Tarom2’ up to 13.68 μm for ‘Dezful’.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Tarom2 pollen had equatorial axis of 12.76 μm.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Tarom2e0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Outcome
- equatorial axise0
- Direction
- rangede0
- Value
- 12.76 μme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The value of polar axis ranged from 18.77 μm in ‘Koroneiki’ up to 20.03 μm in ‘Dezful’, while the mean values of equatorial axis ranged from 12.76 μm for ‘Tarom2’ up to 13.68 μm for ‘Dezful’.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Dezful pollen had equatorial axis of 13.68 μm.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Dezfule0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Outcome
- equatorial axise0
- Direction
- up toe0
- Value
- 13.68 μme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The value of polar axis ranged from 18.77 μm in ‘Koroneiki’ up to 20.03 μm in ‘Dezful’, while the mean values of equatorial axis ranged from 12.76 μm for ‘Tarom2’ up to 13.68 μm for ‘Dezful’.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Mission had the lowest distance between furrow edges, 12.13 μm.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Missione0
- Outcome
- distance between furrow edgese0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 12.13 μme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest distance between furrow edges (12.13 μm) and width of ridges (8.63 μm) were obtained in ‘Mission’ cultivar.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Mission had the lowest width of ridges, 8.63 μm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest distance between furrow edges (12.13 μm) and width of ridges (8.63 μm) were obtained in ‘Mission’ cultivar.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Dezful pollen showed low mesh density in unit area and incomplete closure.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Material
- Dezfule0
- Organ / stage
- pollen grainse0
- Outcome
- low mesh density in unit area and incomplete closuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It indicated that ‘Dezful’ and ‘Mission’ olive cultivars produced pollen grains with low mesh density in unit area and incomplete closure. While, ‘Tarom2’ and ‘Koroneiki’ produced pollen grains with high mesh density and complete closure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mission pollen showed low mesh density in unit area and incomplete closure.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Material
- Missione0
- Organ / stage
- pollen grainse0
- Outcome
- low mesh density in unit area and incomplete closuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It indicated that ‘Dezful’ and ‘Mission’ olive cultivars produced pollen grains with low mesh density in unit area and incomplete closure. While, ‘Tarom2’ and ‘Koroneiki’ produced pollen grains with high mesh density and complete closure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tarom2 pollen showed high mesh density and complete closure.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Material
- Tarom2e0
- Organ / stage
- pollen grainse0
- Outcome
- high mesh density and complete closuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It indicated that ‘Dezful’ and ‘Mission’ olive cultivars produced pollen grains with low mesh density in unit area and incomplete closure. While, ‘Tarom2’ and ‘Koroneiki’ produced pollen grains with high mesh density and complete closure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Koroneiki pollen showed high mesh density and complete closure.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Material
- Koroneikie0
- Organ / stage
- pollen grainse0
- Outcome
- high mesh density and complete closuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It indicated that ‘Dezful’ and ‘Mission’ olive cultivars produced pollen grains with low mesh density in unit area and incomplete closure. While, ‘Tarom2’ and ‘Koroneiki’ produced pollen grains with high mesh density and complete closure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive pollen germination decreased as medium salinity increased.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Organ / stage
- pollene0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- pollen germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results also elucidated that the amount of pollen germination decreased as concentration of salinity increased on the medium.”
t0“four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 mM NaCl, Tarom2 pollen germination fell by 83.71%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Tarom2e0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Treatment
- 25 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- pllen germination ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 83.71%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of pllen germination rate occurred at the 83.71%, 96.68%, 86.83% and 87.38% with additional of 25 mM NaCl in the media of ‘Tarom2’, ‘Dezful’, ‘Mission’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cultivars, respectively.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 mM NaCl, Dezful pollen germination fell by 96.68%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Dezfule0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Treatment
- 25 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- pllen germination ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 96.68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of pllen germination rate occurred at the 83.71%, 96.68%, 86.83% and 87.38% with additional of 25 mM NaCl in the media of ‘Tarom2’, ‘Dezful’, ‘Mission’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cultivars, respectively.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 mM NaCl, Mission pollen germination fell by 86.83%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Missione0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Treatment
- 25 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- pllen germination ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 86.83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of pllen germination rate occurred at the 83.71%, 96.68%, 86.83% and 87.38% with additional of 25 mM NaCl in the media of ‘Tarom2’, ‘Dezful’, ‘Mission’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cultivars, respectively.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 mM NaCl, Koroneiki pollen germination fell by 87.38%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Koroneikie0
- Organ / stage
- pollent0
- Treatment
- 25 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- pllen germination ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 87.38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of pllen germination rate occurred at the 83.71%, 96.68%, 86.83% and 87.38% with additional of 25 mM NaCl in the media of ‘Tarom2’, ‘Dezful’, ‘Mission’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cultivars, respectively.”
t0“pollen grains of four olive”
Claim · model-written summary
Tarom2 had the maximum pollen tube length, 171.99 μm, in salinity-free medium.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Material
- Tarom2e0
- Organ / stage
- pollene0
- Outcome
- pollen tube lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 171.99 μme0
- Setting
- salinity-free mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum pollen tube length (171.99 μm) was observed in ‘Tarom2’ cultivar cultured in a salinity-free medium; while pollen tube length was the lowest (3.5 μm) in ‘Dezful’ cultivar cultured in a medium containing 25 mM of NaCl.”
t0“four olive”
The same questions in other papers
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