Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Most primary auxin response genes are classified into three families: AUX/IAA, GH3 and SAUR genes. Few studies have been conducted on Arabidopsis thaliana SAUR genes, possibly due to genetic redundancy among different subfamily members. Data mining on arabidopsis transcriptional profiles indicates that the SAUR41 subfamily members of SMALL AUXIN UP RNA genes are, strikingly, induced by an inhibitory phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA). We aimed to reveal the physiological roles of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genes containing SAUR40, SAUR41, SAUR71 and SAUR72. METHODS: Transcriptional responses of arabidopsis SAUR41 genes to phytohormones were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Knock out of SAUR41 genes was carried out with the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) genome editing technique. The saur41/40/71/72 quadruple mutants, SAUR41 overexpression lines and the wild type were subjected to ultrastructural observation, transcriptome analysis and physiological characterization. KEY RESULTS: Transcription of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genes is activated by ABA but not by gibberellic acids and brassinosteroids. Quadruple mutations in saur41/40/71/72 led to reduced cell expansion/elongation in cotyledons and hypocotyls, opposite to the overexpression of SAUR41; however, an irregular arrangement of cell size and shape was observed in both cases. The quadruple mutants had increased transcription of calcium homeostasis/signalling genes in seedling shoots, and the SAUR41 overexpression lines had decreased transcription of iron homeostasis genes in roots and increased ABA biosynthesis in shoots. Notably, both the quadruple mutants and the SAUR41 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to salt stress during seedling establishment, whereas specific expression of SAUR41 under the ABA-responsive RD29A (Responsive to Desiccation 29A) promoter in the quadruple mutants rescued the inhibitory effect of salt stress. CONCLUSIONS: The SAUR41 subfamily genes of arabidopsis are ABA inducible to modulate cell expansion, ion homeostasis and salt tolerance. Our work may provide new candidate genes for improvement of plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
ABA activates transcription of SAUR41 subfamily genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- SAUR41 subfamily genese0
- Outcome
- Transcription of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genese0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Transcription of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genes is activated by ABA but not by gibberellic acids and brassinosteroids”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acids did not activate SAUR41 subfamily gene transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acidse0
- Gene
- SAUR41 subfamily genese0
- Outcome
- Transcription of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genese0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Transcription of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genes is activated by ABA but not by gibberellic acids and brassinosteroids”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroids did not activate SAUR41 subfamily gene transcription.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- brassinosteroidse0
- Gene
- SAUR41 subfamily genese0
- Outcome
- Transcription of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genese0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Transcription of arabidopsis SAUR41 subfamily genes is activated by ABA but not by gibberellic acids and brassinosteroids”
Claim · model-written summary
Quadruple saur41/40/71/72 mutations reduced cotyledon and hypocotyl cell expansion and elongation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- saur41/40/71/72e0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledons and hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- Quadruple mutations in saur41/40/71/72e0
- Outcome
- cell expansion/elongatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Quadruple mutations in saur41/40/71/72 led to reduced cell expansion/elongation in cotyledons and hypocotyls, opposite to the overexpression of SAUR41”
Claim · model-written summary
SAUR41 overexpression had the opposite effect on cell expansion and elongation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledons and hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- overexpression of SAUR41e0
- Gene
- SAUR41e0
- Outcome
- cell expansion/elongatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“reduced cell expansion/elongation in cotyledons and hypocotyls, opposite to the overexpression of SAUR41”
Claim · model-written summary
Both quadruple mutants and SAUR41 overexpression lines had irregular cell size and shape arrangement.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- irregular arrangement of cell size and shapee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“an irregular arrangement of cell size and shape was observed in both cases”
Claim · model-written summary
Quadruple mutants showed increased transcription of calcium homeostasis and signalling genes in seedling shoots.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- quadruple mutantse0
- Organ / stage
- seedling shootse0
- Treatment
- quadruple mutantse0
- Outcome
- transcription of calcium homeostasis/signalling genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“The quadruple mutants had increased transcription of calcium homeostasis/signalling genes in seedling shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
SAUR41 overexpression lines showed decreased transcription of iron homeostasis genes in roots.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- SAUR41 overexpression linese0
- Gene
- SAUR41e0
- Outcome
- transcription of iron homeostasis genese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“the SAUR41 overexpression lines had decreased transcription of iron homeostasis genes in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
SAUR41 overexpression lines showed increased ABA biosynthesis in shoots.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- SAUR41 overexpression linese0
- Gene
- SAUR41e0
- Outcome
- ABA biosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“the SAUR41 overexpression lines had decreased transcription of iron homeostasis genes in roots and increased ABA biosynthesis in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Quadruple mutants were hypersensitive to salt stress during seedling establishment.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- quadruple mutantse0
- Organ / stage
- seedling establishmente0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive to salt stresse0
- Direction
- hypersensitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“both the quadruple mutants and the SAUR41 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to salt stress during seedling establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
SAUR41 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to salt stress during seedling establishment.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- SAUR41 overexpression linese0
- Organ / stage
- seedling establishmente0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive to salt stresse0
- Direction
- hypersensitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“both the quadruple mutants and the SAUR41 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to salt stress during seedling establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
RD29A driven SAUR41 expression in quadruple mutants rescued the inhibitory effect of salt stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- quadruple mutantse0
- Treatment
- specific expression of SAUR41 under the ABA-responsive RD29A (Responsive to Desiccation 29A) promotere0
- Gene
- SAUR41e0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect of salt stresse0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“specific expression of SAUR41 under the ABA-responsive RD29A (Responsive to Desiccation 29A) promoter in the quadruple mutants rescued the inhibitory effect of salt stress”
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