Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to develop the organic farming practices of gladiolus cv. American Beauty utilizing bio-fertilizers and bio-control agents along with organic manures in 16 different combinations and the effects were compared with application of FYM only. The results indicated that growth and flowering as well as quality parameters were significantly influenced by integration of organic manures, bio-fertilizers and bio-control agents. The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm + application of Bio-control agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichoderma @ 0.5Kg/m2 each) + application of Nitrogenous Bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter + Azospirilum mixture @ 0.5Kg/m2 each) + application of Phosphatic Bio-fertilizer (Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 0.5Kg/m2) [T15]. This treatment also recorded earliest spike emergence(60.48 DAP) and superiority in yield attributing characters like - spike length (93.06 cm), number of florets per spike(13.39), vase-life (6.90 days), weight of corm with scale leaf (72.34 g), weight of dehusked corms (70.57 g) and diameter of corms (69.16 mm). The quality parameters like chlorophyll, total phenol and protein content of leaves as well as anthocyanin content of florets were also influenced by combined use of organic manures and biological sources of nutrients. Hence, T15 may be considered as best supplementation of nutrients through organic approach and may be included in the package of practices for organic production of gladiolus in the Terai region of West Bengal.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating organic manures, bio-fertilizers and bio-control agents significantly influenced gladiolus growth, flowering and quality compared with FYM alone.
- Treatment
- integration of organic manures, bio-fertilizers and bio-control agentse2
- Outcome
- growth and flowering as well as quality parameterse2
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye1
GladiolusNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
e2“growth and flowering as well as quality parameters were significantly influenced by integration of organic manures, bio-fertilizers and bio-control agents”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination gave the tallest gladiolus plants, 127.19 cm.
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corme1
- Outcome
- plantse1
- Direction
- talleste1
- Value
- 127.19 cme1
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm”
e2“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination gave the maximum number of leaves per gladiolus plant, 14.04.
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corme1
- Outcome
- number of leaves/ plante1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 14.04e1
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm”
e2“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination gave the earliest spike emergence, at 60.48 DAP.
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corme1
- Outcome
- spike emergencee3
- Direction
- earlieste3
- Value
- 60.48 DAPe3
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm”
e2“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
e3“earliest spike emergence(60.48 DAP)”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination gave superior spike length, 93.06 cm.
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corme1
- Outcome
- spike lengthe3
- Direction
- superioritye3
- Value
- 93.06 cme3
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm”
e2“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
e3“superiority in yield attributing characters like - spike length (93.06 cm), number of florets per spike(13.39), vase-life (6.90 days), weight of corm with scale leaf (72.34 g), weight of dehusked corms (70.57 g) and diameter of corms (69.16 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination gave superior number of florets per spike, 13.39.
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corme1
- Outcome
- number of florets per spikee3
- Direction
- superioritye3
- Value
- 13.39e3
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm”
e2“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
e3“superiority in yield attributing characters like - spike length (93.06 cm), number of florets per spike(13.39), vase-life (6.90 days), weight of corm with scale leaf (72.34 g), weight of dehusked corms (70.57 g) and diameter of corms (69.16 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination gave superior vase-life, 6.90 days.
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corme1
- Outcome
- vase-lifee3
- Direction
- superioritye3
- Value
- 6.90 dayse3
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm”
e2“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
e3“superiority in yield attributing characters like - spike length (93.06 cm), number of florets per spike(13.39), vase-life (6.90 days), weight of corm with scale leaf (72.34 g), weight of dehusked corms (70.57 g) and diameter of corms (69.16 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination gave superior corm weight with scale leaf, 72.34 g.
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corme1
- Outcome
- weight of corm with scale leafe3
- Direction
- superioritye3
- Value
- 72.34 ge3
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm”
e2“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
e3“superiority in yield attributing characters like - spike length (93.06 cm), number of florets per spike(13.39), vase-life (6.90 days), weight of corm with scale leaf (72.34 g), weight of dehusked corms (70.57 g) and diameter of corms (69.16 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination gave superior dehusked corm weight, 70.57 g.
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corme1
- Outcome
- weight of dehusked cormse3
- Direction
- superioritye3
- Value
- 70.57 ge3
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm”
e2“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
e3“superiority in yield attributing characters like - spike length (93.06 cm), number of florets per spike(13.39), vase-life (6.90 days), weight of corm with scale leaf (72.34 g), weight of dehusked corms (70.57 g) and diameter of corms (69.16 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination gave superior corm diameter, 69.16 mm.
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corme1
- Outcome
- diameter of cormse3
- Direction
- superioritye3
- Value
- 69.16 mme3
- Comparator
- application of FYM onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The tallest plants (127.19 cm) and maximum number of leaves/ plant (14.04) were observed in the treatment consisting of Vermicompost (0.5 Kg/m2) + Bio-inoculant treated corm”
e2“the effects were compared with application of FYM only”
e3“superiority in yield attributing characters like - spike length (93.06 cm), number of florets per spike(13.39), vase-life (6.90 days), weight of corm with scale leaf (72.34 g), weight of dehusked corms (70.57 g) and diameter of corms (69.16 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined organic manure and biological nutrient sources influenced leaf chlorophyll, total phenol and protein content.
- Treatment
- combined use of organic manures and biological sources of nutrientse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, total phenol and protein content of leavese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“The quality parameters like chlorophyll, total phenol and protein content of leaves as well as anthocyanin content of florets were also influenced by combined use of organic manures and biological sources of nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined organic manure and biological nutrient sources influenced anthocyanin content of florets.
- Treatment
- combined use of organic manures and biological sources of nutrientse1
- Outcome
- anthocyanin content of floretse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“anthocyanin content of florets were also influenced by combined use of organic manures and biological sources of nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
The T15 combination may be included in organic production packages for gladiolus in the Terai region of West Bengal.
- Outcome
- package of practices for organic production of gladioluse1
- Setting
- Terai region of West Bengale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gladiolus cv. American Beauty”
e1“may be included in the package of practices for organic production of gladiolus in the Terai region of West Bengal”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · quality: postharvest · GladiolusPositive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →fertilization · growth · GladiolusPositive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
46 papers more in this group
See all 50 papers →fertilization · yield · GladiolusPositive and negative results
51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →fertilization · quality: general · GladiolusResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →fertilization · physiology: pigments · GladiolusResults agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.