Abstract
Foliar applied phosphorus has the potential to provide a more tactical approach to phosphorus (P) fertilisation that could enhance P use efficiency if effective. The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of adjuvant choice and application timing of foliar applied phosphoric acid on leaf wettability, foliar uptake, translocation and grain yield of wheat plants. We measured the contact angles of water and fertilisers on wheat leaves, and the uptake, translocation and wheat yield response to isotopically-labelled phosphoric acid in combination with five different adjuvants when foliar-applied to wheat at either early tillering or flag leaf emergence. There was high foliar uptake of phosphoric acid in combination with all adjuvants that contained a surfactant but only one treatment resulted in a 12% increase in grain yield and two treatments resulted in a decrease in grain yield. Despite the wettability of all foliar fertilisers being markedly different, foliar uptake was similar for all treatments that contained a surfactant. The translocation of phosphorus from foliar sources was higher when applied at a later growth stage than when applied at tillering despite the leaf surface properties that affect wettability being similar across all leaves at both growth stages. Both the timing of foliar application and the inclusion of a surfactant in the formulation are important for absorption and translocation of phosphoric acid by wheat leaves, however high foliar uptake and translocation will not always translate to a yield increase.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar uptake of phosphoric acid was high with all adjuvants that contained a surfactant.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- phosphoric acid in combination with all adjuvants that contained a surfactante2
- Outcome
- foliar uptakee2
- Direction
- highe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“when foliar-applied to wheat at either early tillering or flag leaf emergence”
e2“There was high foliar uptake of phosphoric acid in combination with all adjuvants that contained a surfactant”
Claim · model-written summary
Only one foliar treatment increased wheat grain yield by 12%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- only one treatmente2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 12%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“when foliar-applied to wheat at either early tillering or flag leaf emergence”
e2“only one treatment resulted in a 12% increase in grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Two foliar treatments decreased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- two treatmentse2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“when foliar-applied to wheat at either early tillering or flag leaf emergence”
e2“two treatments resulted in a decrease in grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar uptake was similar for all treatments that contained a surfactant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- all treatments that contained a surfactante2
- Outcome
- foliar uptakee2
- Direction
- similare2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“when foliar-applied to wheat at either early tillering or flag leaf emergence”
e2“foliar uptake was similar for all treatments that contained a surfactant”
Claim · model-written summary
The wettability of the foliar fertilisers was markedly different.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- all foliar fertiliserse2
- Outcome
- wettabilitye2
- Direction
- markedly differente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“when foliar-applied to wheat at either early tillering or flag leaf emergence”
e2“Despite the wettability of all foliar fertilisers being markedly different”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus translocation from foliar sources was higher when applied at a later growth stage than when applied at tillering.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- applied at a later growth stagee2
- Outcome
- translocation of phosphorus from foliar sourcese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- applied at tilleringe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“when foliar-applied to wheat at either early tillering or flag leaf emergence”
e2“The translocation of phosphorus from foliar sources was higher when applied at a later growth stage than when applied at tillering”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf surface properties that affect wettability were similar across all leaves at both growth stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- leaf surface properties that affect wettabilitye2
- Qualifier
- similar across all leaves at both growth stagese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“when foliar-applied to wheat at either early tillering or flag leaf emergence”
e2“despite the leaf surface properties that affect wettability being similar across all leaves at both growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Timing of foliar application and inclusion of a surfactant are important for absorption and translocation of phosphoric acid in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- the timing of foliar applicatione2
- Outcome
- absorption and translocation of phosphoric acide2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Both the timing of foliar application and the inclusion of a surfactant in the formulation are important for absorption and translocation of phosphoric acid by wheat leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
High foliar uptake and translocation of phosphoric acid will not always translate to a wheat yield increase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Compound
- phosphoric acide3
- Outcome
- yield increasee2
- Direction
- not alwayse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“when foliar-applied to wheat at either early tillering or flag leaf emergence”
e2“however high foliar uptake and translocation will not always translate to a yield increase”
e3“There was high foliar uptake of phosphoric acid”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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See all 5 papers →stage · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.