Paper · 2019 · Indian Journal of Agricultural Research

Effect of foliar spray and fertilizer levels on growth and yield of vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

M. P. Kavitha; R. Balakumbahan; G. Prabukumar

12
claims
36
verbatim quotes
5
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of foliar spray and fertilizer levels on growth and yield of vegetable cowpea (PKM 1) during kharif season of the years 2015 and 2016 at Western block, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam. Results revealed that in general vegetable cowpea responded well to the increased dose of fertilizers along with foliar spraying of 2 % DAP and pulse wonder during flowering and pod formation stages. Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded significantly higher plant height (59.3 cm), more number of branches per plant (10.8), increased root bio mass per plant (0.85 g) and shoot bio mass per plant (7.8 g) and more number of flowers per plant (58) resulted in increased green pod yield of 17.40 t /ha as compared to 100 % RDF. Lowest yield and economics was recorded with 75 % RDF. Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded higher net returns and BC ratio of Rs.117120/- and 3.06 respectively followed by 125 % RDF + Pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 at flowering. The available nutrient status of the post harvest soil sample viz., N (287 kg/ha), P (10.6 kg/ha) and K (217 kg/ha) also increased significantly with the application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages.

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Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray increased plant height to 59.3 cm versus 100 % RDF in vegetable cowpea.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Material
PKM 1t1
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
highere0
Value
59.3 cme0
Comparator
100 % RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded significantly higher plant height (59.3 cm), more number of branches per plant (10.8), increased root bio mass per plant (0.85 g) and shoot bio mass per plant (7.8 g) and more number of flowers per plant (58) resulted in increased green pod yield of 17.40 t /ha as compared to 100 % RDF.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 464–848 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray increased branches per plant to 10.8 versus 100 % RDF in vegetable cowpea.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Material
PKM 1t1
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
branches per plante0
Direction
moree0
Value
10.8e0
Comparator
100 % RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded significantly higher plant height (59.3 cm), more number of branches per plant (10.8), increased root bio mass per plant (0.85 g) and shoot bio mass per plant (7.8 g) and more number of flowers per plant (58) resulted in increased green pod yield of 17.40 t /ha as compared to 100 % RDF.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 464–848 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray increased root bio mass per plant to 0.85 g versus 100 % RDF in vegetable cowpea.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Material
PKM 1t1
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
root bio mass per plante0
Direction
increasede0
Value
0.85 ge0
Comparator
100 % RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded significantly higher plant height (59.3 cm), more number of branches per plant (10.8), increased root bio mass per plant (0.85 g) and shoot bio mass per plant (7.8 g) and more number of flowers per plant (58) resulted in increased green pod yield of 17.40 t /ha as compared to 100 % RDF.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 464–848 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray increased shoot bio mass per plant to 7.8 g versus 100 % RDF in vegetable cowpea.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Material
PKM 1t1
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
shoot bio mass per plante0
Direction
increasede0
Value
7.8 ge0
Comparator
100 % RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded significantly higher plant height (59.3 cm), more number of branches per plant (10.8), increased root bio mass per plant (0.85 g) and shoot bio mass per plant (7.8 g) and more number of flowers per plant (58) resulted in increased green pod yield of 17.40 t /ha as compared to 100 % RDF.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 464–848 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray increased flowers per plant to 58 versus 100 % RDF in vegetable cowpea.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Material
PKM 1t1
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
flowers per plante0
Direction
moree0
Value
58e0
Comparator
100 % RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded significantly higher plant height (59.3 cm), more number of branches per plant (10.8), increased root bio mass per plant (0.85 g) and shoot bio mass per plant (7.8 g) and more number of flowers per plant (58) resulted in increased green pod yield of 17.40 t /ha as compared to 100 % RDF.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 464–848 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray increased green pod yield to 17.40 t /ha versus 100 % RDF in vegetable cowpea.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Material
PKM 1t1
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
green pod yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Value
17.40 t /hae0
Comparator
100 % RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded significantly higher plant height (59.3 cm), more number of branches per plant (10.8), increased root bio mass per plant (0.85 g) and shoot bio mass per plant (7.8 g) and more number of flowers per plant (58) resulted in increased green pod yield of 17.40 t /ha as compared to 100 % RDF.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 464–848 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The lowest yield and economics occurred with 75 % RDF.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Treatment
75 % RDFe0
Outcome
yield and economicse0
Direction
Loweste0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lowest yield and economics was recorded with 75 % RDF.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 849–903 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray gave higher net returns (Rs.117120/-).

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
net returnse0
Direction
highere0
Value
Rs.117120/-e0
Comparator
125 % RDF + Pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 at floweringe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded higher net returns and BC ratio of Rs.117120/- and 3.06 respectively followed by 125 % RDF + Pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 at flowering.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 904–1132 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray gave higher BC ratio (3.06).

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
BC ratioe0
Direction
highere0
Value
3.06e0
Comparator
125 % RDF + Pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 at floweringe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages recorded higher net returns and BC ratio of Rs.117120/- and 3.06 respectively followed by 125 % RDF + Pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 at flowering.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 904–1132 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Postharvest soil N increased to 287 kg/ha with 125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
Ne0
Direction
increasede0
Value
287 kg/hae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The available nutrient status of the post harvest soil sample viz., N (287 kg/ha), P (10.6 kg/ha) and K (217 kg/ha) also increased significantly with the application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1133–1375 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Postharvest soil P increased to 10.6 kg/ha with 125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
Pe0
Direction
increasede0
Value
10.6 kg/hae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The available nutrient status of the post harvest soil sample viz., N (287 kg/ha), P (10.6 kg/ha) and K (217 kg/ha) also increased significantly with the application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1133–1375 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Postharvest soil K increased to 217 kg/ha with 125 % RDF plus 2 % DAP spray.

Taxon
vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
Treatment
125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stagese0
Outcome
Ke0
Direction
increasede0
Value
217 kg/hae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The available nutrient status of the post harvest soil sample viz., N (287 kg/ha), P (10.6 kg/ha) and K (217 kg/ha) also increased significantly with the application of 125 % RDF along with 2 % DAP spray at flowering and pod formation stages.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1133–1375 · show in text ↑
t0

“vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–115 · show in text ↑
t1

“PKM 1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 132–137 · show in text ↑

application · phenology · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
See all 2 papers →

stage · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 2 positive, 3 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

stage · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

26 papers: 18 positive, 8 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

22 papers more in this group

See all 26 papers →

application · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

59 papers: 53 positive, 6 negative or no effect

52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

55 papers more in this group

See all 59 papers →

application · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

126 papers: 112 positive, 14 negative or no effect

111 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect

122 papers more in this group

See all 126 papers →

fertilization · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

143 papers: 131 positive, 12 negative or no effect

130 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

139 papers more in this group

See all 143 papers →

fertilization · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

292 papers: 275 positive, 17 negative or no effect

274 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. negative

288 papers more in this group

See all 292 papers →

fertilization · phenology · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

8 papers: 8 positive, 0 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.