Abstract
The roles of C-terminal Eps15 homology domain (EHD) proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants are poorly understood. Here, we isolated a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1, which showed defects in kernel development and vegetative growth. Positional cloning and transgenic analysis revealed that ehd1 encodes an EHD protein. Internalization of the endocytic tracer FM4-64 was substantially reduced in the ehd1 mutant and ZmEHD1 knockout mutants. We further demonstrated that ZmEHD1 and the ZmAP2 s subunit physically interact at the plasma membrane. Auxin distribution and ZmPIN1a-YFP localization were altered in the ehd1 mutant. Kernel indole-3-acetic acid levels were substantially lower in the ehd1 mutant than in wild-type maize. Exogenous application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, but not GA 3 or 2-naphthaleneacetic acid, rescued the seed germination and seedling emergency phenotypic defects of ehd1 mutants. Taken together, these results indicate that ZmEHD1 regulates auxin homeostasis by mediating clathrin-mediated endocytosis through its interaction with the ZmAP2 s subunit, which is crucial for kernel development and vegetative growth of maize.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The ehd1 mutant showed defects in kernel development and vegetative growth.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1, which showed defects in kernel development and vegetative growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Positional cloning and transgenic analysis showed that ehd1 encodes an EHD protein.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positional cloning and transgenic analysis revealed that ehd1 encodes an EHD protein”
t0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1”
Claim · model-written summary
Endocytic tracer internalization was substantially reduced in ehd1 mutants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Internalization of the endocytic tracer FM4-64 was substantially reduced in the ehd1 mutant and ZmEHD1 knockout mutants”
t0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1”
Claim · model-written summary
Endocytic tracer internalization was substantially reduced in ZmEHD1 knockout mutants.
- Material
- ZmEHD1 knockout mutantse0
- Outcome
- Internalization of the endocytic tracer FM4-64e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Internalization of the endocytic tracer FM4-64 was substantially reduced in the ehd1 mutant and ZmEHD1 knockout mutants”
t0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmEHD1 and ZmAP2 s physically interact at the plasma membrane.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmEHD1 and the ZmAP2 s subunit physically interact at the plasma membrane”
t0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin distribution was altered in the ehd1 mutant.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin distribution and ZmPIN1a-YFP localization were altered in the ehd1 mutant”
t0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmPIN1a-YFP localization was altered in the ehd1 mutant.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin distribution and ZmPIN1a-YFP localization were altered in the ehd1 mutant”
t0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel indole-3-acetic acid levels were substantially lower in ehd1 than in wild-type maize.
- Material
- ehd1 mutante0
- Organ / stage
- Kernele0
- Outcome
- Kernel indole-3-acetic acid levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- wild-type maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel indole-3-acetic acid levels were substantially lower in the ehd1 mutant than in wild-type maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied 1-naphthaleneacetic acid rescued ehd1 seed germination and seedling emergence defects.
- Material
- ehd1 mutantse0
- Treatment
- 1-naphthaleneacetic acide0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling emergency phenotypic defectse0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, but not GA 3 or 2-naphthaleneacetic acid, rescued the seed germination and seedling emergency phenotypic defects of ehd1 mutants”
t0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied GA 3 did not rescue ehd1 germination or seedling emergence defects.
- Material
- ehd1 mutantse0
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling emergency phenotypic defectse0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not GA 3 or 2-naphthaleneacetic acid, rescued the seed germination and seedling emergency phenotypic defects of ehd1 mutants”
t0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied 2-naphthaleneacetic acid did not rescue ehd1 germination or seedling emergence defects.
- Material
- ehd1 mutantse0
- Treatment
- 2-naphthaleneacetic acide0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling emergency phenotypic defectse0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not GA 3 or 2-naphthaleneacetic acid, rescued the seed germination and seedling emergency phenotypic defects of ehd1 mutants”
t0“a maize (Zea mays) mutant, designated ehd1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that ZmEHD1 regulates auxin homeostasis through endocytosis and interaction with ZmAP2 s.
- Gene
- ZmEHD1e0
- Outcome
- auxin homeostasise0
- Qualifier
- mediating clathrin-mediated endocytosis through its interaction with the ZmAP2 s subunite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmEHD1 regulates auxin homeostasis by mediating clathrin-mediated endocytosis through its interaction with the ZmAP2 s subunit, which is crucial for kernel development and vegetative growth of maize”
The same questions in other papers
1-naphthaleneacetic acid · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.