Paper · 2020 · Sustainability

Optimum Water and Fertilizer Management for Better Growth and Resource Use Efficiency of Rapeseed in Rainy and Drought Seasons

Jun Feng; Hafiz Athar Hussain; Saddam Hussain; et al.

16
claims
33
verbatim quotes
21
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Optimum water–fertilizer management in rainfed agriculture is an important factor in improving crop productivity and the ecological environment under fluctuating climate conditions, especially in Southwest China, where seasonal drought and waterlogging occur frequently. In order to investigate the effects of different cultivation technologies on growth and the water and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a two-year field study was conducted in rainy (2016–2017) and drought (2017–2018) seasons which included three cultivation patterns: (1) conventional flat planting (FP); (2) straw mulching (SM); (3) ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system (RF), and three fertilization patterns: (1) conventional fertilization (CF); (2) reduced slow-release fertilizer (SR); and (3) no fertilizer as a control treatment. The results indicated that the yield and its composition values were lower in the rainy year than in the seasonal dry year. The single water-saving technology had no significant effect on yield increase when seasonal drought occurred. The two technologies (SM + SR and RF + SR) improved the height, leaf SPAD value and dry matter of the rapeseed and adjusted the root–shoot ratio under two different climate conditions. In the rainy season, these technologies reduced the loss of nutrients, while in the seasonal drought year, it increased the soil moisture. The SM + SR and RF + SR increased the yield of rapeseed by 7.71% and 29.93% and enhanced oil content by 4.64% and 7.91%, respectively, compared with the local cultivation pattern. Meanwhile, these treatments decreased the total water consumption during whole growth stages and promoted water use efficiency by 14.84% and 28.71%, respectively. The combination of SM + SR and RF + SR also increased the accumulation of N, P, and K and significantly promoted the utilization efficiency of fertilizer. In the future, the adverse effects of environmental factors could be relieved, and the goal of cost savings and increasing efficiency could be achieved by adopting the optimal cultivation technologies in rapeseed production of Southwest China.

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Claims 16

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield and its composition values of rapeseed were lower in the rainy year than in the seasonal dry year.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Outcome
yield and its composition valuese2
Direction
lowere2
Comparator
seasonal dry yeare2
Setting
rainy yeare2

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e2

“The results indicated that the yield and its composition values were lower in the rainy year than in the seasonal dry year”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 836–958 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The single water-saving technology had no significant effect on rapeseed yield increase under seasonal drought.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
single water-saving technologye3
Outcome
yield increasee3
Direction
no significant effecte3
Setting
seasonal droughte3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e3

“The single water-saving technology had no significant effect on yield increase when seasonal drought occurred”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 960–1069 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The two technologies improved plant height, leaf SPAD value and dry matter of rapeseed.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
The two technologies (SM + SR and RF + SR)e4
Outcome
height, leaf SPAD value and dry mattere4
Direction
improvede4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e4

“The two technologies (SM + SR and RF + SR) improved the height, leaf SPAD value and dry matter of the rapeseed and adjusted the root–shoot ratio under two different climate conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1071–1254 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The two technologies adjusted the root–shoot ratio of rapeseed.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
The two technologies (SM + SR and RF + SR)e4
Outcome
root–shoot ratioe4
Direction
adjustede4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e4

“The two technologies (SM + SR and RF + SR) improved the height, leaf SPAD value and dry matter of the rapeseed and adjusted the root–shoot ratio under two different climate conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1071–1254 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SM + SR increased rapeseed yield by 7.71% compared with the local cultivation pattern.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
SM + SRe6
Outcome
yield of rapeseede6
Direction
increasede6
Value
7.71%e6
Comparator
local cultivation patterne6

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e6

“The SM + SR and RF + SR increased the yield of rapeseed by 7.71% and 29.93% and enhanced oil content by 4.64% and 7.91%, respectively, compared with the local cultivation pattern”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1573 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

RF + SR increased rapeseed yield by 29.93% compared with the local cultivation pattern.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
RF + SRe6
Outcome
yield of rapeseede6
Direction
increasede6
Value
29.93%e6
Comparator
local cultivation patterne6

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e6

“The SM + SR and RF + SR increased the yield of rapeseed by 7.71% and 29.93% and enhanced oil content by 4.64% and 7.91%, respectively, compared with the local cultivation pattern”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1573 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SM + SR enhanced rapeseed oil content by 4.64% compared with the local cultivation pattern.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
SM + SRe6
Outcome
oil contente6
Direction
enhancede6
Value
4.64%e6
Comparator
local cultivation patterne6

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e6

“The SM + SR and RF + SR increased the yield of rapeseed by 7.71% and 29.93% and enhanced oil content by 4.64% and 7.91%, respectively, compared with the local cultivation pattern”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1573 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

RF + SR enhanced rapeseed oil content by 7.91% compared with the local cultivation pattern.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
RF + SRe6
Outcome
oil contente6
Direction
enhancede6
Value
7.91%e6
Comparator
local cultivation patterne6

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e6

“The SM + SR and RF + SR increased the yield of rapeseed by 7.71% and 29.93% and enhanced oil content by 4.64% and 7.91%, respectively, compared with the local cultivation pattern”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1573 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SM + SR promoted water use efficiency of rapeseed by 14.84% compared with the local cultivation pattern.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
SM + SRe6
Outcome
water use efficiencye7
Direction
promotede7
Value
14.84%e7
Comparator
local cultivation patterne6

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e6

“The SM + SR and RF + SR increased the yield of rapeseed by 7.71% and 29.93% and enhanced oil content by 4.64% and 7.91%, respectively, compared with the local cultivation pattern”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1573 · show in text ↑
e7

“these treatments decreased the total water consumption during whole growth stages and promoted water use efficiency by 14.84% and 28.71%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1586–1736 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

RF + SR promoted water use efficiency of rapeseed by 28.71% compared with the local cultivation pattern.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
RF + SRe6
Outcome
water use efficiencye7
Direction
promotede7
Value
28.71%e7
Comparator
local cultivation patterne6

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e6

“The SM + SR and RF + SR increased the yield of rapeseed by 7.71% and 29.93% and enhanced oil content by 4.64% and 7.91%, respectively, compared with the local cultivation pattern”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1573 · show in text ↑
e7

“these treatments decreased the total water consumption during whole growth stages and promoted water use efficiency by 14.84% and 28.71%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1586–1736 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

These treatments decreased total water consumption of rapeseed over the whole growth stages.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
these treatmentse7
Outcome
total water consumptione7
Direction
decreasede7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e7

“these treatments decreased the total water consumption during whole growth stages and promoted water use efficiency by 14.84% and 28.71%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1586–1736 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination of SM + SR and RF + SR increased the accumulation of N, P and K in rapeseed.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
The combination of SM + SR and RF + SRe7
Outcome
accumulation of N, P, and Ke7
Direction
increasede7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e7

“The combination of SM + SR and RF + SR also increased the accumulation of N, P, and K and significantly promoted the utilization efficiency of fertilizer”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1738–1891 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination of SM + SR and RF + SR significantly promoted the utilization efficiency of fertilizer in rapeseed.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
The combination of SM + SR and RF + SRe7
Outcome
utilization efficiency of fertilizere7
Direction
promotede7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e7

“The combination of SM + SR and RF + SR also increased the accumulation of N, P, and K and significantly promoted the utilization efficiency of fertilizer”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1738–1891 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

These technologies reduced the loss of nutrients in the rainy season.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
these technologiese5
Outcome
loss of nutrientse5
Direction
reducede5
Setting
the rainy seasone5

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e5

“In the rainy season, these technologies reduced the loss of nutrients, while in the seasonal drought year, it increased the soil moisture”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1256–1393 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

These technologies increased soil moisture in the seasonal drought year.

Taxon
rapeseede0
Treatment
these technologiese5
Outcome
soil moisturee5
Direction
increasede5
Setting
seasonal drought yeare5

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“use efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 384–430 · show in text ↑
e5

“In the rainy season, these technologies reduced the loss of nutrients, while in the seasonal drought year, it increased the soil moisture”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1256–1393 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Adopting the optimal cultivation technologies could achieve cost savings and increased efficiency in rapeseed production in Southwest China.

Taxon
rapeseede1
Outcome
cost savings and increasing efficiencye1
Setting
Southwest Chinae1

Verbatim

e1

“In the future, the adverse effects of environmental factors could be relieved, and the goal of cost savings and increasing efficiency could be achieved by adopting the optimal cultivation technologies in rapeseed production of Southwest China”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1893–2135 · show in text ↑

fertilization · quality: oil · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results differ

63 papers: 42 positive, 21 negative or no effect

41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. negative

59 papers more in this group

See all 63 papers →

rainfall · quality: oil · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
See all 2 papers →

rainfall · physiology: water · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

rainfall · physiology: pigments · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 1 positive, 3 negative or no effect

3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative
See all 4 papers →

rainfall · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 2 positive, 4 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

fertilization · physiology: water · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 6 positive, 2 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

organic · nutrient: content · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

9 papers: 8 positive, 1 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

fertilization · physiology: pigments · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results

17 papers: 13 positive, 4 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

13 papers more in this group

See all 17 papers →

8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.