Abstract
Increasing zinc (Zn) concentration in wheat grain is an important global challenge due to high incidence of Zn deficiency in human populations. In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar ZnSO4 combined with various biostimulants (fulvic acid (FA), seaweed extract (SE), amino acids (AA), and microbial incubates (MI)) on Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain under different soil nitrogen (N) levels (0, 120, and 240 kg N/ha). Grain Zn concentration and bioavailability were significantly enhanced by foliar Zn plus various biostimulants and soil N supply. Compared to foliar Zn alone, foliar Zn + FA resulted in 16% increase in grain Zn, mainly from insoluble Zn increases, while foliar Zn + AA caused 11% increase in grain Zn, mainly from soluble (at N0) and insoluble Zn increases (at N120). Foliar Zn + FA and Zn + AA generally resulted in higher Zn bioavailability than foliar Zn alone. Additionally, N concentration and Fe concentration and bioavailability in grain were enhanced with foliar Zn + AA and soil N application. Thus, foliar ZnSO4 plus FA and AA under optimal soil N rate (120 kg N/ha) can be an effective and economically friendly approach for achieving agronomic biofortification.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc plus biostimulants and soil nitrogen significantly increased grain zinc concentration and bioavailability.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- foliar Zn plus various biostimulants and soil N supplye0
- Outcome
- Grain Zn concentration and bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Zn concentration and bioavailability were significantly enhanced by foliar Zn plus various biostimulants and soil N supply”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc plus fulvic acid increased grain zinc by 16% over zinc alone.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Zn + FAe0
- Outcome
- grain Zne0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- foliar Zn alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to foliar Zn alone, foliar Zn + FA resulted in 16% increase in grain Zn”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc plus amino acids increased grain zinc by 11% over zinc alone.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Zn + AAe0
- Outcome
- grain Zne0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar Zn + AA caused 11% increase in grain Zn”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The fulvic acid combination increased insoluble grain zinc.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Zn + FAe0
- Outcome
- insoluble Zne0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar Zn + FA resulted in 16% increase in grain Zn, mainly from insoluble Zn increases”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid combination increased soluble zinc at N0.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Zn + AAe0
- Outcome
- solublee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- at N0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar Zn + AA caused 11% increase in grain Zn, mainly from soluble (at N0) and insoluble Zn increases (at N120)”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid combination increased insoluble zinc at N120.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Zn + AAe0
- Outcome
- insoluble Zne0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- at N120e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar Zn + AA caused 11% increase in grain Zn, mainly from soluble (at N0) and insoluble Zn increases (at N120)”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc plus fulvic acid generally improved zinc bioavailability relative to zinc alone.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar Zn + FAe0
- Outcome
- Zn bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- foliar Zn alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Zn + FA and Zn + AA generally resulted in higher Zn bioavailability than foliar Zn alone”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc plus amino acids generally improved zinc bioavailability relative to zinc alone.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn + AAe0
- Outcome
- Zn bioavailabilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- foliar Zn alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Zn + FA and Zn + AA generally resulted in higher Zn bioavailability than foliar Zn alone”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc plus amino acids and soil nitrogen increased grain nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Zn + AA and soil N applicatione0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N concentration and Fe concentration and bioavailability in grain were enhanced with foliar Zn + AA and soil N application”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc plus amino acids and soil nitrogen increased grain iron concentration and bioavailability.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Zn + AA and soil N applicatione0
- Outcome
- Fe concentration and bioavailability in graine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N concentration and Fe concentration and bioavailability in grain were enhanced with foliar Zn + AA and soil N application”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend zinc sulfate plus fulvic acid and amino acids at 120 kg N/ha for biofortification.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- foliar ZnSO4 plus FA and AA under optimal soil N rate (120 kg N/ha)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar ZnSO4 plus FA and AA under optimal soil N rate (120 kg N/ha) can be an effective and economically friendly approach for achieving agronomic biofortification”
t0“The Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Zinc and Biostimulants to Increase Zinc Concentration and Bioavailability of Wheat Grain”
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